Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy.
Nutrients. 2024 Jan 31;16(3):420. doi: 10.3390/nu16030420.
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) stands out as a distinctive repository of visceral fat, positioned in close anatomical and functional proximity to the heart. EAT has emerged as a distinctive reservoir of visceral fat, intricately interlinked with cardiovascular health, particularly within the domain of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim of our overview is to highlight the role of EAT as a marker for cardiovascular risk in children. We also explore the influence of unhealthy lifestyle habits as predisposing factors for the deposition of EAT. The literature data accentuate the consequential impact of lifestyle choices on EAT dynamics, with sedentary behavior and unwholesome dietary practices being contributory to a heightened cardiovascular risk. Lifestyle interventions with a multidisciplinary approach are therefore pivotal, involving a nutritionally balanced diet rich in polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, regular engagement in aerobic exercise, and psychosocial support to effectively mitigate cardiovascular risks in children. Specific interventions, such as high-intensity intermittent training and circuit training, reveal favorable outcomes in diminishing the EAT volume and enhancing cardiometabolic health. Future clinical studies focusing on EAT in children are crucial for advancing our understanding and developing targeted strategies for cardiovascular risk management in this population.
心外膜脂肪组织 (EAT) 作为内脏脂肪的独特储存库，在心与心脏的解剖和功能密切相关。EAT 已经成为内脏脂肪的一个独特储存库，与心血管健康密切相关，特别是在心血管疾病 (CVD) 领域。我们综述的目的是强调 EAT 作为儿童心血管风险标志物的作用。我们还探讨了不健康的生活方式习惯作为 EAT 沉积的诱发因素的影响。文献数据强调了生活方式选择对 EAT 动态的影响，久坐不动的行为和不健康的饮食习惯导致心血管风险增加。因此，采用多学科方法的生活方式干预至关重要，包括富含多不饱和和单不饱和脂肪酸的营养均衡饮食、定期进行有氧运动以及社会心理支持，以有效降低儿童的心血管风险。高强度间歇训练和循环训练等特定干预措施显示出减少 EAT 体积和改善心脏代谢健康的有利结果。未来针对儿童 EAT 的临床研究对于提高我们的认识和制定针对该人群心血管风险管理的目标策略至关重要。
