Zuckerman S H, Douglas S D
CRC Crit Rev Microbiol. 1978;7(1):1-26. doi: 10.3109/10408417909101176.
The importance of various components of the plasma membrane in the generation of the immune response has long been recognized. The identification and characterization of functional membrane receptors are essential for an understanding of the molecular basis of the immune response. The Fc receptor can be operationally defined as a site on the plasma membrane which is capable of binding the Fc portion of IgG. The Fc receptor has been reported on both lymphoid and nonlymphoid cell types. The functional significance of the receptor on these cell populations, as well as the biochemistry of the receptor, is not well established and is currently an important area of investigation. In this review, the Fc receptor will be discussed, primarily in human and murine lymphoid and macrophage cell populations, as a model of membrane immunoreceptors. The review will be divided into four sections. In the first section, consideration will be given to the binding assays used to study Fc receptor-ligand interactions and the class and subclass specificity of the receptor. The possibility of receptor-receptor interaction and quantitation of receptor sites will be discussed. The second phase of the review will be concerned with the fractionation and biochemistry of this receptor system, emphasizing the differences reported in receptor composition from different cell sources. In the third section of the review, the biologic significance of the receptor will be examined. The importance of the Fc receptor in opsonization and phagocytosis by mononuclear phagogytes, B-cell activation, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, and the possible relationship of Fc receptors to the histocompatibility-linked immune response genes will be discussed. Finally, in the fourth section, the possible mechanisms of receptor regulation will be considered. Cell fusion experiments which have been performed and the expression of receptor activity on the hybrid cell clones will be discussed. Receptor regulation at the physiologic level will include the effects of cyclic nucleotide levels and cell cycle on receptor expression. It is the intent of this review to provide a detailed analysis of the Fc receptor and to emphasize its importance in microbiology, cell biology, and immunology.
长期以来，人们一直认识到质膜的各种成分在免疫反应产生中的重要性。功能性膜受体的鉴定和表征对于理解免疫反应的分子基础至关重要。Fc受体在操作上可定义为质膜上能够结合IgG的Fc部分的位点。据报道，Fc受体存在于淋巴细胞和非淋巴细胞类型中。这些细胞群体上受体的功能意义以及受体的生物化学尚未完全明确，目前是一个重要的研究领域。在这篇综述中，将主要在人和小鼠的淋巴细胞及巨噬细胞群体中讨论Fc受体，将其作为膜免疫受体的一个模型。该综述将分为四个部分。在第一部分中，将考虑用于研究Fc受体-配体相互作用的结合测定方法以及受体的类别和亚类特异性。还将讨论受体-受体相互作用的可能性以及受体位点的定量。综述的第二阶段将关注该受体系统的分离和生物化学，重点强调不同细胞来源在受体组成方面报道的差异。在综述的第三部分中，将研究受体的生物学意义。将讨论Fc受体在单核吞噬细胞的调理作用和吞噬作用、B细胞活化、抗体依赖性细胞毒性中的重要性，以及Fc受体与组织相容性相关免疫反应基因的可能关系。最后，在第四部分中，将考虑受体调节的可能机制。将讨论已进行的细胞融合实验以及杂交细胞克隆上受体活性的表达。生理水平的受体调节将包括环核苷酸水平和细胞周期对受体表达的影响。这篇综述旨在对Fc受体进行详细分析，并强调其在微生物学、细胞生物学和免疫学中的重要性。
