Burberg Tim, Würth Sabine, Amesberger Günter, Finkenzeller Thomas
Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
Front Sports Act Living. 2024 Jan 31;6:1210546. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1210546. eCollection 2024.
Empirical evidence demonstrates that high concordance and low discrepancy of implicit and explicit affective processes facilitate consistent exercise behavior. Novice runners often have difficulties implementing their running behavior on a regular basis resulting in irregular running behavior. To investigate the potential value of affective associations 89 young female runners (regular and irregular) and non-runners were recruited. Affective associations towards running were measured through a Single-Target Implicit Association Test on the implicit level and by self-report on the explicit level. Implicit-explicit interaction (IEI) scores (i.e., implicit-explicit concordance and discrepancy) were derived from principal component analysis. Fuzzy k-means cluster analysis was used to identify patterns of interacting implicit-explicit affective associations. The resulting clusters were assessed for differences in previous running experience, current running behavior, motivational and intentional aspects. Four meaningful overlapping clusters were found and labeled according to their prevalent IEI patterns (i.e., "positive non-discrepant", "positive discrepant", "negative discrepant", "negative non-discrepant"). Significant differences between clusters were found for past running experience, current running behavior, motivational and intentional aspects. The results indicate that running behavior varies between and within patterns of affective associations. In line with previous findings, positive non-discrepant implicit and explicit affective associations are linked to more consistent running behavior, while negative non-discrepant affect is associated with non-runners. However, the occurrence of discrepant implicit-explicit affective associations in young women differing in running behavior, motivation, and intention broadens the view of the complex relationship between affective processes and exercise behavior. In conclusion, individualized interventions that take into account the implicit-explicit interaction of affective associations besides well-known cognitive self-regulatory resources may prove more effective for individuals who struggle to run regularly.
实证证据表明，内隐和外显情感过程的高一致性和低差异有助于形成一致的运动行为。新手跑步者在定期实施跑步行为时常常遇到困难，导致跑步行为不规律。为了研究情感关联的潜在价值，招募了89名年轻女性跑步者（包括经常跑步和不经常跑步的）和非跑步者。通过单目标内隐联想测验在内隐水平上测量对跑步的情感关联，并通过自我报告在外显水平上进行测量。内隐-外显交互（IEI）分数（即内隐-外显一致性和差异）来自主成分分析。使用模糊k均值聚类分析来识别内隐-外显情感关联的交互模式。对所得聚类在以往跑步经验、当前跑步行为、动机和意图方面的差异进行评估。发现了四个有意义的重叠聚类，并根据其普遍的IEI模式进行了标记（即“积极无差异”、“积极有差异”、“消极有差异”、“消极无差异”）。在以往跑步经验、当前跑步行为、动机和意图方面，聚类之间存在显著差异。结果表明，跑步行为在情感关联模式之间和模式内部存在差异。与先前的研究结果一致，积极无差异的内隐和外显情感关联与更一致的跑步行为相关，而消极无差异的情感则与非跑步者相关。然而，在跑步行为、动机和意图不同的年轻女性中出现的内隐-外显情感关联差异，拓宽了我们对情感过程与运动行为之间复杂关系的认识。总之，除了众所周知的认知自我调节资源外，考虑到情感关联的内隐-外显交互的个性化干预措施，可能对那些难以定期跑步的人更有效。
