Tomlin Jack, Meise Esther, Wegner Juliane, Völlm Birgit
School of Law and Criminology, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University Medicine, Rostock, Germany.
Front Psychiatry. 2024 Feb 5;14:1217561. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1217561. eCollection 2023.
Many jurisdictions implement mandatory substance use treatment for justice-involved persons. Germany is one such country; however, debates about the appropriateness and effectiveness of this disposal abound. Very little attention has been paid in the international literature to patients receiving mandatory treatment in Germany. This systematic review synthesises research on patients receiving substance use treatment in forensic hospitals under §64 of the German Penal Code with regard to three primary outcomes: treatment completion, reoffending, and the recurrence of substance use. Forty-five publications reporting on 36 studies were reviewed; publication dates ranged from 1988 to 2023. On average, 47% of patients did not successfully complete treatment, compared to 45% who did. Average follow-up reconviction rates were higher than in mentally ill and general offender populations as reported elsewhere. Approximately half of all patients reused substances during treatment. Suggestions for future research, including a focus on strength- and recovery-based indicators, and harmonising routine outcomes measurements, are given.
许多司法管辖区对涉及司法程序的人员实施强制性药物使用治疗。德国就是这样一个国家；然而，关于这种处置方式的适当性和有效性的争论比比皆是。国际文献中很少关注在德国接受强制治疗的患者。本系统综述综合了关于根据德国刑法典第64条在法医医院接受药物使用治疗的患者的研究，涉及三个主要结果：治疗完成情况、再次犯罪和药物使用复发情况。对45篇报告36项研究的出版物进行了综述；出版日期从1988年到2023年。平均而言，47%的患者没有成功完成治疗，成功完成治疗的患者比例为45%。平均随访再定罪率高于其他地方报道的精神病患者和一般罪犯群体。所有患者中约有一半在治疗期间再次使用药物。文中给出了对未来研究的建议，包括关注基于优势和康复的指标，以及统一常规结果测量方法。
