Eagly Alice H, Crowley Maureen
Purdue U, West Lafayette.
Psychol Bull. 1986 Nov;100(3):283-308. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.100.3.283.
Contends, on the basis of posited social-role theory of gender and helping, that the male gender role fosters helping that is heroic and chivalrous, whereas the female gender role fosters helping that is nurturant and caring. In social psychological studies, helping behavior has mainly been examined in the context of short-term encounters with strangers. This focus has tended to exclude from the research literature those helping behaviors prescribed by the female gender role, because they are displayed primarily in long-term, close relationships. In contrast, the helping behaviors prescribed by the male gender role have been generously represented in research findings because they are displayed in relationships with strangers as well as in close relationships. Results from a meta-analytic review of sex differences in 172 studies (appended) in helping behavior indicate that in general men helped more than women and women received more help than men. Nevertheless, sex differences in helping were inconsistent across studies and were successfully predicted by various attributes of the studies and the helping behaviors. (96 ref) (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
基于所提出的性别与帮助行为的社会角色理论，认为男性性别角色促进的帮助行为是英勇侠义的，而女性性别角色促进的帮助行为是滋养关怀的。在社会心理学研究中，帮助行为主要是在与陌生人的短期接触情境中进行考察的。这种关注点往往将女性性别角色所规定的那些帮助行为排除在研究文献之外，因为它们主要体现在长期的亲密关系中。相比之下，男性性别角色所规定的帮助行为在研究结果中得到了大量体现，因为它们既体现在与陌生人的关系中，也体现在亲密关系中。对172项关于帮助行为的研究（附录）中的性别差异进行元分析综述的结果表明，总体而言男性提供的帮助比女性多，而女性得到的帮助比男性多。然而，不同研究中帮助行为的性别差异并不一致，并且可以通过研究的各种属性和帮助行为成功预测。（96条参考文献）（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2022美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
