Sausa Martina, Fucarino Alberto, Paladino Letizia, Zummo Francesco Paolo, Fabbrizio Antonio, Di Felice Valentina, Rappa Francesca, Barone Rosario, Marino Gammazza Antonella, Macaluso Filippo
Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy.
Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Biomedicines. 2024 Feb 7;12(2):382. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12020382.
Probiotics have shown the potential to counteract the loss of muscle mass, reduce physical fatigue, and mitigate inflammatory response following intense exercise, although the mechanisms by which they work are not very clear. The objective of this review is to describe the main harmful effects of alcohol on skeletal muscle and to provide important strategies based on the use of probiotics. The excessive consumption of alcohol is a worldwide problem and has been shown to be crucial in the progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), for which, to date, the only therapy available is lifestyle modification, including cessation of drinking. In ALD, alcohol contributes significantly to the loss of skeletal muscle, and also to changes in the intestinal microbiota, which are the basis for a series of problems related to the onset of sarcopenia. Some of the main effects of alcohol on the skeletal muscle are described in this review, with particular emphasis on the "gut-liver-muscle axis", which seems to be the primary cause of a series of muscle dysfunctions related to the onset of ALD. The modulation of the intestinal microbiota through probiotics utilization has appeared to be crucial in mitigating the muscle damage induced by the high amounts of alcohol consumed.
益生菌已显示出在对抗肌肉量流失、减轻身体疲劳以及缓解高强度运动后的炎症反应方面的潜力，尽管其作用机制尚不完全清楚。本综述的目的是描述酒精对骨骼肌的主要有害影响，并提供基于益生菌使用的重要策略。酒精的过度消费是一个全球性问题，并且已被证明在酒精性肝病（ALD）的进展中起关键作用，迄今为止，针对ALD唯一可用的治疗方法是生活方式改变，包括戒酒。在ALD中，酒精会显著导致骨骼肌流失，还会改变肠道微生物群，而这是一系列与肌肉减少症发病相关问题的基础。本综述描述了酒精对骨骼肌的一些主要影响，特别强调了“肠-肝-肌轴”，它似乎是一系列与ALD发病相关的肌肉功能障碍的主要原因。通过使用益生菌调节肠道微生物群似乎对减轻大量饮酒引起的肌肉损伤至关重要。
