Di Fusco Manuela, Sun Xiaowu, Allen Kristen E, Yehoshua Alon, Berk Alexandra, Alvarez Mary B, Porter Thomas M, Ren Jinma, Puzniak Laura, Lopez Santiago M C, Cappelleri Joseph C
Pfizer Inc., New York, NY 10001, USA.
CVS Health, Woonsocket, RI 02895, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Feb 11;12(2):183. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12020183.
Long COVID has become a central public health concern. This study characterized the effectiveness of BNT162b2 BA.4/5 bivalent COVID-19 vaccine (bivalent) against long COVID symptoms.
Symptomatic US adult outpatients testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 were recruited between 2 March and 18 May 2023. Symptoms were assessed longitudinally using a CDC-based symptom questionnaire at Week 4, Month 3, and Month 6 following infection. The odds ratio (OR) of long COVID between vaccination groups was assessed by using mixed-effects logistic models, adjusting for multiple covariates.
At Week 4, among 505 participants, 260 (51%) were vaccinated with bivalent and 245 (49%) were unvaccinated. Mean age was 46.3 years, 70.7% were female, 25.1% had ≥1 comorbidity, 43.0% prior infection, 23.0% reported Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir use. At Month 6, the bivalent cohort had 41% lower risk of long COVID with ≥3 symptoms (OR: 0.59, 95% CI, 0.36-0.96, = 0.034) and 37% lower risk of ≥2 symptoms (OR: 0.63, 95% CI, 0.41-0.96, = 0.030). The bivalent cohort reported fewer and less durable symptoms throughout the six-month follow-up, driven by neurologic and general symptoms, especially fatigue.
Compared with unvaccinated participants, participants vaccinated with the bivalent were associated with approximately 40% lower risk of long COVID and less symptom burden over the six-month study duration.
新冠后遗症已成为一个核心的公共卫生问题。本研究描述了BNT162b2 BA.4/5二价新冠疫苗（二价疫苗）对新冠后遗症症状的有效性。
2023年3月2日至5月18日期间招募了有症状的、新冠病毒检测呈阳性的美国成年门诊患者。在感染后的第4周、第3个月和第6个月，使用基于美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）的症状问卷对症状进行纵向评估。通过混合效应逻辑模型评估疫苗接种组之间新冠后遗症的优势比（OR），并对多个协变量进行调整。
在第4周时，505名参与者中，260名（51%）接种了二价疫苗，245名（49%）未接种疫苗。平均年龄为46.3岁，70.7%为女性，25.1%有≥1种合并症，43.0%曾有过感染，23.0%报告使用过奈玛特韦/利托那韦。在第6个月时，接种二价疫苗的队列出现≥3种症状的新冠后遗症风险降低41%（OR：0.59，95%置信区间[CI]，0.36 - 0.96，P = 0.034），出现≥2种症状的风险降低37%（OR：0.63，95% CI，0.41 - 0.96，P = 0.030）。在整个六个月的随访期间，接种二价疫苗的队列报告的症状更少且持续时间更短，主要由神经症状和一般症状驱动，尤其是疲劳。
与未接种疫苗的参与者相比，接种二价疫苗的参与者在为期六个月的研究期间出现新冠后遗症的风险降低约40%，且症状负担更小。
