Yan Jiayue, Green Kirk, Noel Kylee, Kim Chang-Hyun, Stone Chris M
Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Feb 8;15:1332970. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1332970. eCollection 2024.
The vectorial capacity of mosquitoes, which influences the dynamics of vector-borne disease transmission, is intricately linked to mosquito abundance and the composition and diversity of their associated microbiomes. However, the influence of environmental factors on mosquito populations and microbiome diversity remains underexplored. Here we examined the effects of seasonality and developed land cover on mosquito abundance and bacterial diversity. Biweekly field sampling of female mosquitoes was conducted using gravid and CDC light traps, spanning summer to autumn across varying developed land cover levels in two urban areas in Central Illinois. Mosquito abundance was assessed by the number of mosquitoes captured per trap night and compared across seasons and developed levels. The mean mosquito abundance for gravid and light traps was 12.96 ± 2.15 and 7.67 ± 1.44, respectively. Notably, higher levels of developed land cover exhibited higher abundance than the low level for light traps, but no significant difference was found between summer and early autumn. In gravid traps, no significant differences were detected across seasons or developed levels. Microbial analysis of the mosquito microbiome revealed that Proteobacteria and , with a mean relative abundance of 80.77 and 52.66% respectively, were identified as the most dominant bacterial phylum and genus. Their relative abundance remained consistent across seasons and developed land cover levels, with negligible variations. Alpha diversity, as measured by observed species, Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson, showed slightly higher values in early-autumn compared to late-summer. A notable pattern of bacterial diversity, as indicated by all four diversity indexes, is evident across varying levels of land development. Significantly, high or intermediate developed levels consistently showed reduced alpha diversity when compared to the lower level. This underscores the pronounced impact of anthropogenic ecological disturbances in shaping mosquito microbiomes. Beta diversity analysis revealed no significant dissimilarities in bacterial community composition across seasons and developed levels, although some separation was noted among different levels of developed land cover. These findings highlight the significant role of environmental factors in shaping mosquito abundance and their associated microbiomes, with potential implications for the vectorial capacity in the transmission of vector-borne diseases.
蚊子的媒介能力会影响媒介传播疾病的传播动态，它与蚊子的数量以及其相关微生物群落的组成和多样性有着复杂的联系。然而，环境因素对蚊子种群和微生物群落多样性的影响仍未得到充分研究。在这里，我们研究了季节性和土地开发对蚊子数量和细菌多样性的影响。在伊利诺伊州中部两个城市地区，使用孕蚊诱捕器和疾控中心灯光诱捕器，在夏季到秋季期间，对不同土地开发程度的地区进行了每两周一次的雌蚊野外采样。通过每个诱捕器每晚捕获的蚊子数量来评估蚊子数量，并在不同季节和开发程度之间进行比较。孕蚊诱捕器和灯光诱捕器捕获的蚊子平均数量分别为12.96±2.15只和7.67±1.44只。值得注意的是，对于灯光诱捕器而言，土地开发程度较高的地区蚊子数量高于低开发程度地区，但夏季和初秋之间未发现显著差异。在孕蚊诱捕器中，不同季节或开发程度之间未检测到显著差异。对蚊子微生物群落的分析表明，变形菌门和 （此处原文缺失具体菌属名称）分别以平均相对丰度80.77%和52.66%被确定为最主要的细菌门和属。它们的相对丰度在不同季节和土地开发程度之间保持一致，变化可忽略不计。用观察到的物种数、Chao1、香农和辛普森指数衡量的α多样性在初秋时略高于夏末。所有四个多样性指数均表明，在不同土地开发水平上存在明显的细菌多样性模式。值得注意的是，与低开发水平相比，高开发或中等开发水平的α多样性持续降低。这突出了人为生态干扰对塑造蚊子微生物群落的显著影响。β多样性分析表明，不同季节和开发程度之间细菌群落组成没有显著差异，尽管在不同土地开发程度之间存在一些分离。这些发现突出了环境因素在塑造蚊子数量及其相关微生物群落方面的重要作用，对媒介传播疾病传播中的媒介能力可能产生影响。
