Genome-wide analysis of respiratory burst oxidase homolog () genes in species and insight into ROS-mediated metabolites biosynthesis and resin deposition.

Respiratory burst oxidase homolog () generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a defense response during biotic and abiotic stress. In plants, wounding and fungal infection result in biosynthesis and deposition of secondary metabolites as defense responses, which later form constituents of fragrant resinous agarwood. During injury and fungal invasion, tree generates ROS species via the Rboh enzymes. Despite the implication of genes in agarwood formation, no comprehensive genomic-level study of the gene family in is present. A systematic illustration of their role during stress and involvement in initiating signal cascades for agarwood metabolite biosynthesis is missing. In this study, 14 genes were retrieved from genomes of two species, and , and were classified into five groups. The promoter regions of the genes had abundant of stress-responsive elements. Protein-protein network and expression analysis suggested their functional association with MAPK proteins and transcription factors such as WRKY and MYC2. The study further explored the expression profiles of genes and found them to be differentially regulated in stress-induced callus and stem tissue, suggesting their involvement in ROS generation during stress in . Overall, the study provides in-depth insight into two genes, and , highlighting their role in defense against fungal and abiotic stress, and likely during initiation of agarwood formation through modulation of genes involved in secondary metabolites biosynthesis. The findings presented here offer valuable information about Rboh family members, which can be leveraged for further investigations into ROS-mediated regulation of agarwood formation in species.