Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Nat Plants. 2021 Apr;7(4):403-412. doi: 10.1038/s41477-021-00887-0. Epub 2021 Apr 12.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for life and are involved in the regulation of almost all biological processes. ROS production is critical for plant development, response to abiotic stresses and immune responses. Here, we focus on recent discoveries in ROS biology emphasizing abiotic and biotic stress responses. Recent advancements have resulted in the identification of one of the first sensors for extracellular ROS and highlighted waves of ROS production during stress signalling in Arabidopsis. Enzymes that produce ROS, including NADPH oxidases, exhibit precise regulation through diverse post-translational modifications. Discoveries highlight the importance of both amino- and carboxy-terminal regulation of NADPH oxidases through protein phosphorylation and cysteine oxidation. Here, we discuss advancements in ROS compartmentalization, systemic ROS waves, ROS sensing and post-translational modification of ROS-producing enzymes and identify areas where foundational gaps remain.
活性氧（ROS）是生命所必需的，参与了几乎所有生物过程的调节。ROS 的产生对于植物的发育、对非生物胁迫的响应和免疫反应至关重要。在这里，我们重点关注 ROS 生物学的最新发现，强调非生物和生物胁迫的响应。最近的进展导致了第一个细胞外 ROS 传感器的鉴定，并强调了拟南芥胁迫信号转导过程中 ROS 产生的波。产生 ROS 的酶，包括 NADPH 氧化酶，通过多种翻译后修饰表现出精确的调节。这些发现强调了通过蛋白磷酸化和半胱氨酸氧化对 NADPH 氧化酶的氨基和羧基末端调节的重要性。在这里，我们讨论了 ROS 区室化、系统性 ROS 波、ROS 感应和 ROS 产生酶的翻译后修饰方面的进展，并确定了仍然存在基础差距的领域。
