Jensen Oliver E, Chernyavsky Igor L
School of Mathematics, University of Manchester, UK.
Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, UK.
Annu Rev Fluid Mech. 2019 Jan;51:25-47. doi: 10.1146/annurev-fluid-010518-040219. Epub 2018 Aug 3.
The placenta is a multi-functional organ that exchanges blood gases and nutrients between a mother and her developing fetus. In humans, fetal blood flows through intricate networks of vessels confined within villous trees, the branches of which are bathed in pools of maternal blood. Fluid mechanics and transport processes play a central role in understanding how these elaborate structures contribute to the function of the placenta, and how their disorganization may lead to disease. Recent advances in imaging and computation have spurred significant advances in simulations of fetal and maternal flows within the placenta, across a range of lengthscales. Models describe jets of maternal blood emerging from spiral arteries into a disordered and deformable porous medium, and solute uptake by fetal blood flowing through elaborate three-dimensional capillary networks. We survey recent developments and emerging challenges in modeling flow and transport in this complex organ.
胎盘是一个多功能器官，可在母亲与其发育中的胎儿之间交换血气和营养物质。在人类中，胎儿血液流经绒毛树内错综复杂的血管网络，其分支浸泡在母体血液池中。流体力学和传输过程在理解这些精细结构如何促进胎盘功能以及它们的紊乱如何导致疾病方面起着核心作用。成像和计算方面的最新进展推动了对胎盘内胎儿和母体血流在一系列长度尺度上的模拟取得重大进展。模型描述了母体血液从螺旋动脉喷射到无序且可变形的多孔介质中，以及流经精细三维毛细血管网络的胎儿血液对溶质的摄取。我们综述了在对这个复杂器官中的流动和传输进行建模方面的最新进展和新出现的挑战。
