Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Specialized Research Unit: Probiotics and Prebiotics for Health, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Sci Rep. 2024 Feb 27;14(1):4730. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-53912-5.
A synbiotic is a combination of live microorganisms and specific substrates that are selectively utilized by host microorganisms, resulting in health benefits for the host. Previous studies have demonstrated the protective effects of L. reuteri KUB-AC5 against Salmonella infection in chicken and mouse models. The probiotic activity of L. reuteri KUB-AC5 in these hosts was influenced by nutritional supplements. Water-based plants contain significant amounts of carbohydrates, particularly dietary fiber and proteins, making them potential prebiotic substrates. In this study, four water-based plants (Ulva rigida, Caulerpa lentillifera, Wolffia globosa, and Gracillaria fisheri) were screened for their ability to support the growth of L. reuteri KUB-AC5. Under monoculture testing, U. rigida exhibited the highest capacity to support the growth of L. reuteri KUB-AC5 and the production of organic acids, including acetic acid, lactic acid, and propionic acid (p ≤ 0.05). In co-culture experiments, the synbiotic combination of U. rigida and L. reuteri KUB-AC5 demonstrated the potential to eliminate Salmonella Typhimurium DMST 48437 when inoculated at 10 CFU/mL within 9 h. The synbiotic activities of U. rigida and L. reuteri KUB-AC5 were further investigated using an in vitro human gut model. Compared to the probiotic treatment, the synbiotic combination of L. reuteri KUB-AC5 and U. rigida showed significantly higher levels of L. reuteri KUB-AC5 (5.1 log copies/mL) and a reduction of S. Typhimurium by 0.8 log (CFU/ml) after 24 h (p ≤ 0.05). Synbiotic treatment also significantly promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including butyric acid, propionic acid, and acetic acid, compared to prebiotic and probiotic treatments alone (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, the synbiotic formulation modulated the in vitro simulated gut microbiome, enhancing putatively beneficial gut microbes, including lactobacilli, Faecalibacterium, and Blautia. Our findings demonstrated that L. reuteri KUB-AC5, in combination with U. rigida, exhibited synergistic activity, as indicated by increased viability, higher anti-pathogenicity toward Salmonella, and the ability to modulate the gut microbiome.
共生元是指由活微生物和特定基质组成的混合物，这些基质被宿主微生物选择性利用，从而为宿主带来健康益处。先前的研究表明，L. reuteri KUB-AC5 对鸡和鼠模型中的沙门氏菌感染具有保护作用。在这些宿主中，L. reuteri KUB-AC5 的益生菌活性受到营养补充剂的影响。水生植物含有大量碳水化合物，特别是膳食纤维和蛋白质，使其成为潜在的益生元基质。在这项研究中，筛选了四种水生植物（紫菜、龙须菜、微形盘藻和翡翠贻贝），以确定它们支持 L. reuteri KUB-AC5 生长的能力。在单一培养测试中，紫菜表现出最高的支持 L. reuteri KUB-AC5 生长和产生有机酸（包括乙酸、乳酸和丙酸）的能力（p≤0.05）。在共培养实验中，当以 10 CFU/mL 的浓度接种时，紫菜和 L. reuteri KUB-AC5 的共生元组合在 9 小时内有潜力消除鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 DMST 48437。在体外人体肠道模型中进一步研究了紫菜和 L. reuteri KUB-AC5 的共生元活性。与益生菌处理相比，L. reuteri KUB-AC5 和紫菜的共生元组合在 24 小时后显示出更高水平的 L. reuteri KUB-AC5（5.1 log 拷贝/mL）和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌减少 0.8 log（CFU/ml）（p≤0.05）。与单独使用益生元和益生菌处理相比，共生元处理还显著促进了短链脂肪酸（SCFA）的产生，包括丁酸、丙酸和乙酸（p≤0.05）。此外，共生元配方调节了体外模拟肠道微生物组，增强了潜在有益的肠道微生物，包括乳杆菌、粪杆菌和布劳特氏菌。我们的研究结果表明，L. reuteri KUB-AC5 与紫菜联合使用表现出协同活性，表现在提高了生存能力、对沙门氏菌的更高抗致病性以及调节肠道微生物组的能力。
