Strilbytska Olha, Yurkevych Ihor, Semaniuk Uliana, Gospodaryov Dmytro, Simpson Stephen J, Lushchak Oleh
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine.
Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2024 May 1;79(5). doi: 10.1093/gerona/glae057.
Macronutrient intake impacts physiology, behavior, and gene expression in a wide range of organisms. We used the response surface methodology to compare how life history traits, lifespan, and reproduction differ as a function of protein and carbohydrate intakes under choice and no-choice feeding regimens in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. We found that when offered a choice of nutritionally complementary foods mated female flies regulated toward a protein to carbohydrate ratio (P:C) that was associated with shortened lifespan and maximal egg production when compared to response surfaces derived from flies fed 1 of a range of fixed diets differing in P:C (no-choice regimen). This difference in lifespan between choice and no-choice feeding was not seen in males or virgin flies, reflecting the fact that increased protein intake is triggered by mating to support egg production. However, whereas in mated females a higher P:C intake was associated with greater egg production under both choice and no-choice feeding, contrary to expectations, choice-fed mated flies laid fewer eggs than no-choice flies on equivalent macronutrient intakes, perhaps reflecting that they had to ingest twice the volume of food to attain an equivalent intake of nutrients than no-choice flies on a diet of equivalent P:C ratio.
大量营养素的摄入会影响多种生物体的生理、行为和基因表达。我们运用响应面法，比较了在果蝇（黑腹果蝇）的选择喂养和无选择喂养方案下，生命史特征、寿命和繁殖如何随蛋白质和碳水化合物摄入量的变化而不同。我们发现，当提供营养互补的食物选择时，与喂食一系列固定饮食（蛋白质与碳水化合物比例不同）之一的果蝇（无选择喂养方案）得出的响应面相比，交配的雌性果蝇会将蛋白质与碳水化合物的比例（P:C）调节至与缩短的寿命和最大产卵量相关的水平。在雄性果蝇或未交配的果蝇中未观察到选择喂养和无选择喂养在寿命上的这种差异，这反映出交配会引发蛋白质摄入量增加以支持产卵这一事实。然而，在交配的雌性果蝇中，无论选择喂养还是无选择喂养，较高的P:C摄入量都与更高的产卵量相关，但与预期相反的是，在等量的大量营养素摄入量下，选择喂养的交配果蝇产的卵比无选择喂养的果蝇少，这可能反映出它们必须摄入两倍体积的食物才能获得与无选择喂养且P:C比例相同的饮食的果蝇等量的营养摄入。
