Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Investigation in Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil.
Laboratory of Investigation in Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil; School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Nutrition. 2024 Jun;122:112371. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112371. Epub 2024 Jan 30.
To deepen the understanding of the influence of diet on weight gain and metabolic disturbances, we examined associations between diet-related inflammation and body composition and fecal bacteria abundances in participants of the Nutritionists' Health Study.
Early-life, dietary and clinical data were obtained from 114 women aged ≤45 years. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII). Participants' data were compared by E-DII quartiles using ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis. Associations of DXA-determined body composition with the E-DII were tested by multiple linear regression using DAG-oriented adjustments. Fecal microbiota was analyzed targeting the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to test linear associations; differential abundance of genera across the E-DII quartiles was assessed by pair-wise comparisons.
E-DII score was associated with total fat (b=1.80, p<0.001), FMI (b=0.08, p<0.001) and visceral fat (b=1.19, p=0.02), independently of maternal BMI, birth type and breastfeeding. E-DII score was directly correlated to HOMA-IR (r=0.30; p=0.004), C-reactive protein (r=0.29; p=0.003) and to the abundance of Actinomyces, and inversely correlated to the abundance of Eubacterium.xylanophilum.group. Actinomyces were significantly more abundant in the highest (most proinflammatory) E-DII quartile.
Association of E-DII with markers of insulin resistance, inflammation, body adiposity and certain gut bacteria are consistent with beneficial effects of anti-inflammatory diet on body composition and metabolic profile. Bacterial markers, such as Actinomyces, could be involved in the association between the dietary inflammation with visceral adiposity. Studies designed to explore how a pro-inflammatory diet affects both central fat deposition and gut microbiota are needed.
为了深入了解饮食对体重增加和代谢紊乱的影响，我们研究了营养学家健康研究参与者中与饮食相关的炎症与身体成分和粪便细菌丰度之间的关联。
从年龄≤45 岁的 114 名女性中获取了早期生活、饮食和临床数据。使用经过验证的食物频率问卷计算了能量调整后的饮食炎症指数（E-DII）。使用方差分析或 Kruskal-Wallis 检验根据 E-DII 四分位数对参与者的数据进行比较。使用 DAG 导向调整的多元线性回归检验 DXA 确定的身体成分与 E-DII 的相关性。针对 16S rRNA 基因的 V4 区分析粪便微生物群。使用 Spearman 相关系数检验线性关联；通过两两比较评估 E-DII 四分位数之间属的差异丰度。
E-DII 评分与总脂肪（b=1.80，p<0.001）、FMI（b=0.08，p<0.001）和内脏脂肪（b=1.19，p=0.02）相关，独立于母亲 BMI、出生方式和母乳喂养。E-DII 评分与 HOMA-IR（r=0.30；p=0.004）、C 反应蛋白（r=0.29；p=0.003）和放线菌的丰度直接相关，与 Eubacterium.xylanophilum.group 的丰度呈负相关。放线菌在最高（最具炎症性）E-DII 四分位数中明显更丰富。
E-DII 与胰岛素抵抗、炎症、身体肥胖和某些肠道细菌标志物的关联与抗炎饮食对身体成分和代谢特征的有益影响一致。放线菌等细菌标志物可能参与了饮食炎症与内脏脂肪之间的关联。需要设计研究来探索促炎饮食如何影响中央脂肪沉积和肠道微生物群。
