Debnath Koushik, Heras Kevin Las, Rivera Ambar, Lenzini Stephen, Shin Jae-Won
Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
Nat Rev Mater. 2023 Jun;8(6):390-402. doi: 10.1038/s41578-023-00551-3. Epub 2023 Mar 17.
The extracellular matrix in microenvironments harbors a variety of signals to control cellular functions and the materiality of tissues. Most efforts to synthetically reconstitute the matrix by biomaterial design have focused on decoupling cell-secreted and polymer-based cues. Cells package molecules into nanoscale lipid membrane-bound extracellular vesicles and secrete them. Thus, extracellular vesicles inherently interact with the meshwork of the extracellular matrix. In this Review, we discuss various aspects of extracellular vesicle-matrix interactions. Cells receive feedback from the extracellular matrix and leverage intracellular processes to control the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles. Once secreted, various biomolecular and biophysical factors determine whether extracellular vesicles are locally incorporated into the matrix or transported out of the matrix to be taken up by other cells or deposited into tissues at a distal location. These insights can be utilized to develop engineered biomaterials where EV release and retention can be precisely controlled in host tissue to elicit various biological and therapeutic outcomes.
微环境中的细胞外基质包含多种信号，可控制细胞功能和组织的物质特性。通过生物材料设计来合成重建基质的大多数努力都集中在将细胞分泌的线索与基于聚合物的线索解耦。细胞将分子包装到纳米级脂质膜结合的细胞外囊泡中并分泌它们。因此，细胞外囊泡与细胞外基质的网络固有地相互作用。在本综述中，我们讨论了细胞外囊泡与基质相互作用的各个方面。细胞从细胞外基质接收反馈，并利用细胞内过程来控制细胞外囊泡的生物发生。一旦分泌，各种生物分子和生物物理因素决定细胞外囊泡是在局部整合到基质中，还是被转运出基质，被其他细胞摄取或沉积到远处的组织中。这些见解可用于开发工程生物材料，在宿主组织中可以精确控制细胞外囊泡的释放和保留，以引发各种生物学和治疗效果。
