Kalandarova Makhbuba, Ahmad Ishtiaq, Aung Thin Nyein Nyein, Moolphate Saiyud, Shirayama Yoshihisa, Okamoto Miyoko, Aung Myo Nyein, Yuasa Motoyuki
Department of Global Health Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2024 Mar 6;17:1143-1155. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S445015. eCollection 2024.
The prevalence of T2DM is escalating in Thailand affecting over 10% of adults aged 20-79 years old. It is imperative to identify modifiable risk factors that can potentially help mitigate the risk of developing diabetes.
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary habits and type 2 diabetes in Chiang Mai, Thailand.
This case-control study involved 300 individuals aged 25-74 years residing in Chiang Mai, Thailand including 150 newly diagnosed T2DM patients (cases) and 150 community residents without diabetes (controls). Dietary habits were assessed based on Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Socio-demographic characteristics and anthropometric information of the participants were collected. Data analysis was performed using the STATA-17.
The case group participants were older and had a higher proportion of males compared to the control group. The case group exhibited a significantly higher consumption of meat, beans, nuts, soft drinks, and topping seasonings (p<0.001), conversely, a lower intake of vegetables (p<0.001), fruits (p=0.006), fish, rice (p<0.001), eggs (p=0.032), milk products, coffee, and tea (p<0.001) compared to the control group. Furthermore, the case group demonstrated a higher level of certain dietary practices such as a greater frequency of having meals with family, not removing visible fat from food (p<0.001), and eating snacks between meals compared to controls. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for potential confounding factors not removing visible fat from food (aOR 5.61, 95% CI: 2.29-13.7, p<0.001) and using topping seasonings (aOR 3.52 95% CI: 1.69-7.32 p=0.001) were significantly associated with the risk of T2DM, whereas daily vegetable intake (aOR 0.32 95% CI: 0.15-0.68 p=0.003) was inversely associated with T2DM.
The study findings caution against the consumption of food rich in fat and using salty seasonings, while advocating for an increased intake of vegetables to prevent the prevalence of T2DM.
2型糖尿病（T2DM）在泰国的患病率不断上升，影响着超过10%的20 - 79岁成年人。识别可改变的风险因素对于潜在降低患糖尿病风险至关重要。
本研究旨在调查泰国清迈地区饮食习惯与2型糖尿病之间的关系。
这项病例对照研究涉及300名年龄在25 - 74岁之间、居住在泰国清迈的个体，其中包括150名新诊断的T2DM患者（病例组）和150名无糖尿病的社区居民（对照组）。基于食物频率问卷（FFQ）评估饮食习惯。收集参与者的社会人口学特征和人体测量信息。使用STATA - 17进行数据分析。
与对照组相比，病例组参与者年龄更大，男性比例更高。病例组肉类、豆类、坚果、软饮料和调味佐料的摄入量显著更高（p<0.001），相反，与对照组相比，蔬菜（p<0.001）、水果（p = 0.006）、鱼类、大米（p<0.001）、鸡蛋（p = 0.032）、奶制品、咖啡和茶的摄入量更低（p<0.001）。此外，病例组在某些饮食习惯方面表现出更高的水平，例如与家人一起用餐的频率更高、不去除食物表面可见脂肪（p<0.001）以及与对照组相比在两餐之间吃零食。多因素逻辑回归分析显示，在调整潜在混杂因素后，不去除食物表面可见脂肪（调整后比值比[aOR] 5.61，95%置信区间[CI]：2.29 - 13.7，p<0.001）和使用调味佐料（aOR 3.52，95% CI：1.69 - 7.32，p = 0.001）与T2DM风险显著相关，而每日蔬菜摄入量（aOR 0.32，95% CI：0.15 - 0.68，p = 0.00）与T2DM呈负相关。
研究结果警示应避免食用高脂肪食物和使用咸味佐料，同时提倡增加蔬菜摄入量以预防T2DM的流行。
