Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, campus, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil.
J Leukoc Biol. 2024 Jul 25;116(2):321-334. doi: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae058.
Eosinophils are cells of the innate immune system that orchestrate complex inflammatory responses. The study of the cell biology of eosinophils, particularly associated with cell activation, is of great interest to understand their immune responses. From a morphological perspective, activated eosinophils show ultrastructural signatures that have provided critical insights into the comprehension of their functional capabilities. Application of conventional transmission electron microscopy in combination with quantitative assessments (quantitative transmission electron microscopy), molecular imaging (immunoEM), and 3-dimensional electron tomography have generated important insights into mechanisms of eosinophil activation. This review explores a multitude of ultrastructural events taking place in eosinophils activated in vitro and in vivo as key players in allergic and inflammatory diseases, with an emphasis on viral infections. Recent progress in our understanding of biological processes underlying eosinophil activation, including in vivo mitochondrial remodeling, is discussed, and it can bring new thinking to the field.
嗜酸性粒细胞是先天免疫系统的细胞，可协调复杂的炎症反应。研究嗜酸性粒细胞的细胞生物学，特别是与细胞激活相关的生物学，对于了解其免疫反应非常重要。从形态学的角度来看，激活的嗜酸性粒细胞具有超微结构特征，这些特征为理解其功能能力提供了关键的见解。传统的透射电子显微镜与定量评估（定量透射电子显微镜）、分子成像（免疫电镜）和三维电子断层扫描的结合应用，为嗜酸性粒细胞激活的机制提供了重要的见解。这篇综述探讨了嗜酸性粒细胞在体外和体内作为过敏性和炎症性疾病的关键参与者的多种超微结构事件，重点是病毒感染。还讨论了我们对嗜酸性粒细胞激活背后的生物学过程的理解的最新进展，包括体内线粒体重塑，这为该领域带来了新的思考。
