Kim Hyun Jee, Kim Yeong Ho
Department of Dermatology, International St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea.
Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Mar 4;25(5):2984. doi: 10.3390/ijms25052984.
Melanoma, a highly aggressive skin cancer, is characterized by rapid progression and high mortality. Recent advances in molecular pathogenesis have shed light on genetic and epigenetic changes that drive melanoma development. This review provides an overview of these developments, focusing on molecular mechanisms in melanoma genesis. It highlights how mutations, particularly in the , , , and genes, affect critical signaling pathways. The evolution of diagnostic techniques, such as genomics, transcriptomics, liquid biopsies, and molecular biomarkers for early detection and prognosis, is also discussed. The therapeutic landscape has transformed with targeted therapies and immunotherapies, improving patient outcomes. This paper examines the efficacy, challenges, and prospects of these treatments, including recent clinical trials and emerging strategies. The potential of novel treatment strategies, including neoantigen vaccines, adoptive cell transfer, microbiome interactions, and nanoparticle-based combination therapy, is explored. These advances emphasize the challenges of therapy resistance and the importance of personalized medicine. This review underlines the necessity for evidence-based therapy selection in managing the increasing global incidence of melanoma.
黑色素瘤是一种侵袭性很强的皮肤癌，其特点是进展迅速且死亡率高。分子发病机制的最新进展揭示了驱动黑色素瘤发展的基因和表观遗传变化。本综述概述了这些进展，重点关注黑色素瘤发生的分子机制。它强调了突变，特别是 、 、 和 基因中的突变如何影响关键信号通路。还讨论了诊断技术的发展，如基因组学、转录组学、液体活检以及用于早期检测和预后的分子生物标志物。随着靶向治疗和免疫治疗的出现，治疗格局发生了变化，改善了患者的治疗效果。本文研究了这些治疗方法的疗效、挑战和前景，包括最近的临床试验和新兴策略。探索了新型治疗策略的潜力，包括新抗原疫苗、过继性细胞转移、微生物群相互作用和基于纳米颗粒的联合治疗。这些进展凸显了治疗耐药性的挑战以及个性化医疗的重要性。本综述强调了在应对全球黑色素瘤发病率不断上升的情况时，基于证据进行治疗选择的必要性。
