González-Gálvez Noelia, López-Martínez Ana Belén, López-Vivancos Abraham
Facultad del Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain.
Nutrients. 2024 Feb 22;16(5):606. doi: 10.3390/nu16050606.
The "fat but fit paradox" states that people who are fit have a lower cluster cardiometabolic risk (CCMR), even if they are overweight or obese. Therefore, the objective was to investigate the CCMR between four categories based on the "fat but fit paradox" variable, in different fitness categories-cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, and physical fitness-in adolescents. Body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle fitness, blood samples, and blood pressure were assessed in 230 adolescents, and cardiometabolic risk and three different "fat but fit paradox" variables were calculated. Participants with a higher CRF exhibited a lower CCMR within their body mass index (BMI) category ( < 0.05). Participants with a high BMI and high muscular fitness showed a lower CCMR than participants with a low muscular fitness and a similar BMI, or low BMI and low muscular fitness ( < 0.05). When both variables, CRF and muscular fitness, were combined, their effectabove CCMR increased ( < 0.05). Across all fitness categories, the fat and unfit group, whether considered individually or combined, exhibited the highest risk of CCMR ( < 0.05). This study confirms the "fat but fit paradox" in different physical fitness categories, showing the importance of both CRF and muscular fitness as predictors of CCMR, with the combination of both variables showing a greater agreement.
“胖但健康的悖论”指出，即使超重或肥胖，健康的人患心血管代谢风险（CCMR）聚集的几率更低。因此，本研究旨在基于“胖但健康的悖论”变量，在不同健康类别（心肺健康、肌肉健康和体能）的青少年中，调查四类人群的心血管代谢风险。对230名青少年进行了身体成分、心肺健康、肌肉健康、血液样本和血压评估，并计算了心血管代谢风险和三种不同的“胖但健康的悖论”变量。在其体重指数（BMI）类别中，心肺适能较高的参与者心血管代谢风险较低（<0.05）。与肌肉适能低且BMI相似或BMI低且肌肉适能低的参与者相比，BMI高且肌肉适能高的参与者心血管代谢风险更低（<0.05）。当将心肺适能和肌肉适能这两个变量结合起来时，它们对心血管代谢风险的影响增加（<0.05）。在所有健康类别中，无论单独考虑还是综合考虑，肥胖且不健康的组心血管代谢风险最高（<0.05）。本研究证实了不同体能类别中存在“胖但健康的悖论”，表明心肺适能和肌肉适能作为心血管代谢风险预测指标的重要性，且两个变量的结合显示出更高的一致性。
