Faculty of Nursing, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan.
Nursing Administration & Education Department, Faculty of Nursing, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
BMC Psychiatry. 2024 Mar 12;24(1):200. doi: 10.1186/s12888-024-05662-x.
Sleep disturbances, a public health concern that may lead to critical physiological conditions, are associated with personal characteristics such as gender. Limited evidence is available from the Middle East population on the gender disparities in sleep quality. Therefore, the current study examined gender-specific differences in sleep quality and disturbances among Jordanian citizens.
A cross-sectional design was used to recruit a convenient sample of 1,092 adults from different Jordanian cities. Data was collected using a self-reported questionnaire comprising the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), which was distributed online via social media networks. The participants were categorized according to their global PSQI scores into poor (PSQI ≥ 5) and good sleepers (PSQI < 5). The analysis focused on finding differences between women and men in terms of sleep quality and the effects of demographic, lifestyle, and socioeconomic factors on reported sleep problems.
Women were revealed to have a higher prevalence of all types of sleep disturbances than men. Women who were over 55 (compared to younger than 20 years), did not smoke, had multiple jobs or part-time employment (compared to unemployed women), and had a monthly income of more than 500 JD (compared to those with an income of < 500 JD) were less likely to experience poor sleep than other women. In contrast, men who neither smoked nor drank coffee, ate no sweets or only one to two pieces daily (compared to participants who ate more than two pieces daily), and worked fixed night shifts (compared to alternating shifts workers) were less likely to experience poor sleep than other men.
This study builds a more nuanced understanding of how different demographic, lifestyle, and socioeconomic factors - such as a participant's age, time of working duty, income, daily sweet consumption, daily caffeine consumption, and smoking - affect the sleep quality of men and women. Thus, promoting a healthier lifestyle for both genders by modifying risk factors - such as smoking cessation, as well as reducing their intake of caffeine and sweets - is the first step toward improving their sleep quality. Further studies are needed to examine how the social role of Arabic women affects their sleep.
睡眠障碍是一个公共卫生问题，可能导致严重的生理状况，它与个人特征有关，如性别。关于中东人口中睡眠质量的性别差异，证据有限。因此，本研究检查了约旦公民中睡眠质量和睡眠障碍的性别差异。
采用横断面设计，从约旦不同城市招募了 1092 名成年人的方便样本。使用一份自我报告问卷收集数据，问卷包括匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI），通过社交媒体网络在线分发。参与者根据他们的全球 PSQI 得分分为睡眠质量差（PSQI≥5）和睡眠质量好（PSQI<5）的人群。分析重点是在睡眠质量方面发现女性和男性之间的差异，以及人口统计学、生活方式和社会经济因素对报告睡眠问题的影响。
与男性相比，女性所有类型的睡眠障碍的患病率都更高。与 20 岁以下的女性相比，55 岁以上（相比 20 岁以下）、不吸烟、有兼职或临时工（相比失业）、月收入超过 500 约旦第纳尔（相比收入<500 约旦第纳尔）的女性更不易出现睡眠不佳。相比之下，不吸烟不喝咖啡、每天不吃甜食或只吃一到两片（相比每天吃两片以上的人）、上固定夜班（相比上倒班的人）的男性更不易出现睡眠不佳。
本研究更细致地了解了不同的人口统计学、生活方式和社会经济因素（如参与者的年龄、工作时间、收入、日常甜食摄入量、日常咖啡因摄入量和吸烟习惯）如何影响男性和女性的睡眠质量。因此，通过戒烟等方式改变风险因素，促进两性更健康的生活方式，减少他们对咖啡因和甜食的摄入，是改善他们睡眠质量的第一步。需要进一步的研究来研究阿拉伯女性的社会角色如何影响她们的睡眠。
