Li Yuanyuan, Lu Yun, Liu Xiaofen, Liu Lixiang, Mei Wenyi, Zhang Wei, Zhao Bingjiao, Liu Yuehua
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
BMC Oral Health. 2025 Feb 10;25(1):215. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-05497-2.
Sleep disorders (SDs), a public health concern, can lead to critical physiological conditions, and are associated with mental and behavior problems such as psychosocial stress, smoking, alcohol consumption, etc. This study aimed to investigate the cross-sectional associations between dentofacial deformities and sleep quality in young adults in China.
Data were collected from 2,479 young adults (aged 17-25 years) enrolled at Fudan University across various regions of China. Participants completed a self-reported questionnaire that included general information and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) under standardized guidance. Dentofacial characteristics were examined by experienced orthodontists. Data analysis employed one-way ANOVA, student's t-test, chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression models.
The study revealed a median PSQI score of 5.92 ± 1.66, with 16.3% of participants classified as SDs. Higher PSQI scores were reported by females, underweight individuals, and participants from southern regions. Among the subjects, 44.36% exhibited protruding profiles, 6.86% had concave profiles, and various dentofacial abnormalities were prevalent. Logistic regression analysis identified protruding lateral profiles (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.18-3.16, p = 0.008) and anterior crossbite (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.01-2.04, p = 0.043) as significant risk factors for SDs. Additionally, reduced anterior overbite was associated with a higher prevalence of SDs, while deep overbite acted as a protective factor. Moderate overbite demonstrated statistical significance (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.35-0.76, p = 0.001).
These findings suggest a significant association between dentofacial characteristics and sleep quality in young adults. Protruding facial profiles and anterior crossbites were identified as independent predictors for SDs. These findings underscore the importance of screening for SDs in individuals with dentofacial deformities and highlight the potential benefits of early correction of such dentofacial abnormalities to reduce the risk of SDs in adulthood.
睡眠障碍是一个公共卫生问题，可导致严重的生理状况，并与心理社会压力、吸烟、饮酒等精神和行为问题相关。本研究旨在调查中国年轻成年人牙颌面畸形与睡眠质量之间的横断面关联。
收集了来自复旦大学在中国不同地区招募的2479名年轻成年人（年龄在17 - 25岁之间）的数据。参与者在标准化指导下完成了一份自我报告问卷，其中包括一般信息和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）。牙颌面特征由经验丰富的正畸医生进行检查。数据分析采用单因素方差分析、学生t检验、卡方检验和多变量逻辑回归模型。
研究显示PSQI得分中位数为5.92±1.66，16.3%的参与者被归类为睡眠障碍。女性、体重过轻的个体以及来自南方地区的参与者报告的PSQI得分较高。在研究对象中，44.36%表现出凸面型，6.86%表现出凹面型，各种牙颌面异常情况普遍存在。逻辑回归分析确定凸面侧貌（优势比1.93，95%置信区间1.18 - 3.16，p = 0.008）和前牙反合（优势比1.44，95%置信区间1.01 - 2.04，p = 0.043）是睡眠障碍的重要危险因素。此外，前牙覆合减小与睡眠障碍的患病率较高相关，而深覆合则起到保护作用。中度覆合具有统计学意义（优势比0.51，95%置信区间0.35 - 0.76，p = 0.001）。
这些发现表明年轻成年人的牙颌面特征与睡眠质量之间存在显著关联。凸面型和前牙反合被确定为睡眠障碍的独立预测因素。这些发现强调了对牙颌面畸形个体进行睡眠障碍筛查的重要性，并突出了早期矫正此类牙颌面异常以降低成年后睡眠障碍风险的潜在益处。
