Cardamone Erica, Iacoponi Francesca, Di Benedetto Rita, Lorenzoni Giulia, Di Nucci Annalisa, Zobec Federica, Gregori Dario, Silano Marco
Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
Department of Medicine-DMED, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy.
Front Nutr. 2024 Feb 27;11:1346455. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1346455. eCollection 2024.
Over the last years, many Mediterranean countries, including Italy, have witnessed a shift away from the Mediterranean Diet, thus contributing to the high rates of overweight and obesity. The survey "Adherence to Mediterranean Diet in Italy (ARIANNA)" aimed to evaluate the Adherence to Mediterranean Diet (AMD) and its main determinants in the Italian population.
This study started on March 2023 and was addressed to adults aged ≥17 years, born and resident in Italy, proficient in Italian. Data are collected electronically through a voluntary, anonymous and self-administered questionnaire on the project website. Univariate and then multivariate logistic regressions were performed to evaluate associations between AMD and demographic characteristics, socio-economic status, health status, and lifestyle.
On a total of 3,732 completed questionnaires, the 87.70% of the respondents was female and the 71.28% was 17-40 years old. The 83.82% of the respondents had medium AMD, 11.33% low and only 4.85% high. The multivariate analysis revealed that being male ( < 0.001), aged >40 years ( < 0.05), workers ( ≤ 0.001), and unemployed ( < 0.05), determined the probability of having a lower AMD. Vegans and vegetarian's diets positively contributed to a higher AMD ( < 0.001).
These results highlighted a medium AMD in the Italian adult participants and suggested the necessity to implement tailored public health intervention strategies to improve food habits.
在过去几年中，包括意大利在内的许多地中海国家都见证了饮食结构逐渐背离地中海饮食模式的现象，这也导致了超重和肥胖率的居高不下。“意大利对地中海饮食的依从性（ARIANNA）”调查旨在评估意大利人群对地中海饮食（AMD）的依从性及其主要决定因素。
本研究于2023年3月启动，研究对象为年龄≥17岁、在意大利出生并居住、精通意大利语的成年人。通过项目网站上的一份自愿、匿名且由本人填写的电子问卷收集数据。进行单因素分析，然后进行多因素逻辑回归分析，以评估AMD与人口统计学特征、社会经济地位、健康状况和生活方式之间的关联。
在总共3732份完整问卷中，87.70%的受访者为女性，71.28%的受访者年龄在17至40岁之间。83.82%的受访者对地中海饮食的依从性中等，11.33%的受访者依从性低，只有4.85%的受访者依从性高。多因素分析显示，男性（<0.001）、年龄>40岁（<0.05）、在职人员（≤0.001）和失业人员（<0.05）的地中海饮食依从性较低。纯素食者和素食者的饮食对较高的地中海饮食依从性有积极贡献（<0.001）。
这些结果凸显了意大利成年参与者对地中海饮食的依从性中等，并表明有必要实施针对性的公共卫生干预策略来改善饮食习惯。
