Light-sensitive PEG hydrogel with antibacterial performance for pacemaker pocket infection prevention.

Prevention of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIED) infection is crucial for successful outcomes. In this study, we report an adhesive and antibacterial hydrogel coating for CIED infection treatment, by immobilizing polyethylene glycol (PEG) and 2'--hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HAC) on Ti surface. Initial alkali and APTES treatment caused the formation of -NH to enhance the adhesion of the hydrogel coating to Ti implants, followed by immobilizing a photo-cross-linkable PEG/2'--HTACCS hydrogel on Ti/OH/NH surface. Surface characterization of Ti/OH/NH sample and adhesion testing of hydrogel on Ti/OH/NH surface confirm successful immobilization of hydrogel onto the Ti/OH/NH surface. In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial results exhibited that the photo-cross-linkable PEG/HAC composite hydrogel has excellent antimicrobial capabilities against both Grampositive ( and S. epidermidis) and Gram-negative ( and ) bacteria. The outcome of this study demonstrates the photo-cross linked PEG/HAC coating hydrogels can be easily formed on the Ti implants, and has great potential in preventing CIED pocket infection.