Chongqing Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation for Special Aromatic Spice Plants, Institute of Special Plants, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China.
Geological Team 607, Chongqing Geological and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau, Chongqing, 401300, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Mar 15;14(1):6276. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-56962-x.
The morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of leaves result from the long-term adaptation of plants to their environment and are closely related to plant growth and development. In this study, 37 prickly ash germplasm resources from 18 production areas were utilized as the subjects of research. Logistic equations, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis were employed to comprehensively evaluate the leaf traits of prickly ash germplasm resources, with an analysis of their correlation with ecological and geographical factors in the production areas. The results showed that the leaf traits of prickly ash germplasms of different origins are substantially different and diverse. The coefficient of variation for the 14 leaf traits was greater than 10%. The coefficient of variation of the compound leaflet number was the highest among all the considered leaf traits, and the coefficient of variation of leaf thickness was the lowest, at 49.86% and 11.37%, respectively. The leaf traits of the prickly ash germplasm originating from Chongqing in Yongchuan, Chongqing in Rongchang, and Yunnan in Honghe ranked highest, whereas the leaf traits of the prickly ash germplasm from Henan in Jiaozuo, Gansu in Tianshui, and Shanxi in Yuncheng ranked lowest. The results of the correlation analysis showed that among the ecological and geographical factors of the origins, latitude had the strongest correlation with the leaf traits of the prickly ash germplasm. As latitude increased, the leaves of prickly ash gradually decreased in size, weight, and leaf shape index. The factor with the second strongest correlation was temperature. The leaves of the prickly ash germplasm originating from warmer climate areas were larger and heavier than those from areas with colder climates. Altitude and longitude did not significantly affect the leaf traits of the prickly ash germplasm, but at similar latitudes, the leaves of the prickly ash germplasm in high-altitude areas were smaller, and the leaves of the prickly ash germplasm in low-altitude areas were larger. These findings can provide valuable references for breeding and the sustainable utilization of new varieties of prickly ash resources.
叶片的形态、生理和生化特征是植物长期适应环境的结果，与植物的生长发育密切相关。本研究以 18 个产地的 37 份花椒种质资源为研究对象，利用 Logistic 方程、主成分分析和聚类分析对花椒种质资源叶片性状进行综合评价，并分析其与产地生态地理因子的相关性。结果表明，不同来源花椒种质的叶片性状存在显著差异和多样性。14 个叶片性状的变异系数均大于 10%。其中，复叶小叶数的变异系数最高，叶片厚度的变异系数最低，分别为 49.86%和 11.37%。重庆永川、重庆荣昌和云南红河产地的花椒种质叶片性状排名最高，而河南焦作、甘肃天水和山西运城产地的花椒种质叶片性状排名最低。相关性分析结果表明，在产地的生态地理因子中，纬度与花椒种质叶片性状的相关性最强。随着纬度的增加，花椒叶片逐渐变小、变轻、叶形指数降低。相关性第二强的因子是温度。来自温暖气候地区的花椒种质叶片较大较重，而来自寒冷气候地区的花椒种质叶片较小较轻。海拔和经度对花椒种质叶片性状没有显著影响，但在相似的纬度下，高海拔地区的花椒种质叶片较小，而低海拔地区的花椒种质叶片较大。这些发现可为花椒资源的新品种选育和可持续利用提供有价值的参考。
