Valenzuela-Barrero Carlos, Núñez-Sánchez F Javier, Loturco Irineu, Pareja-Blanco Fernando
Physical Performance and Sports Research Center.
Dept of Sport and Informatics, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.
Biol Sport. 2024 Mar;41(2):3-11. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.129487. Epub 2023 Sep 21.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of light and heavy loads in the squat exercise on kinematics and mechanical variables in recreationally trained men and women. Twenty-two men and sixteen women were assigned to 4 groups: 40% and 80% one-repetition maximum (1RM) male (M40 and M80) and female (F40 and F80). Over 6 weeks, participants performed twice a week the full back-squat (SQ) exercise with initially equated relative volume load (SetsRepetitions/Set%1RM). All groups performed different amounts of work (p < 0.05), while relative work (work/1RM) only differed between load groups (p < 0.001). There was no significant Time*Sex*Load interaction. Based on the magnitude of effect sizes: M80 achieved small improvements in the SQ maximum isometric force (MIF; ES = 0.43, 95% CI [0.16, 0.81]); small gains in squat estimated 1RM strength were observed in the 80%-1RM groups (M80: 0.42 [0.18, 0.77]; F80: 0.44 [0.26, 0.76]) and the F40 group (0.42 [0.17, 0.81]); all groups made moderate to large gains in the average velocity attained against heavy loads (> 60%1RM; F40: 1.20 [0.52, 2.27]; F80: 2.20 [1.23, 3.93]; M40: 0.85 [0.29, 1.59]; M80: 1.03 [0.55, 1.77]), as well as small to moderate improvements in the average velocity against light loads (< 60%1RM; F40: 0.49[-0.24, 1.68]; F80: 1.10 [0.06, 3.16]; M40: 0.80 [0.41, 1.35]; M80: 0.93 [0.25, 1.84]). Lastly, only the F40 group showed small improvements in countermovement jump (CMJ) height (ES = 0.65 [0.14, 1.37]). In conclusion, light and heavy loads produced similar strength gains in men and women when initially equated by relative volume load, although the standardized mean differences suggest nuances depending on the sample and task.
本研究的目的是调查深蹲练习中轻负荷和重负荷对有休闲运动训练经历的男性和女性的运动学和力学变量的影响。22名男性和16名女性被分为4组：40%和80%的一次重复最大值（1RM）男性组（M40和M80）以及女性组（F40和F80）。在6周的时间里，参与者每周进行两次全背蹲（SQ）练习，初始相对容量负荷相等（组数×重复次数/每组×%1RM）。所有组的工作量不同（p<0.05），而相对工作量（工作量/1RM）仅在负荷组之间存在差异（p<0.001）。不存在显著的时间×性别×负荷交互作用。基于效应量的大小：M80组在SQ最大等长力量（MIF）方面有小幅改善（ES = 0.43，95%CI[0.16, 0.81]）；在80%-1RM组（M80：0.42[0.18, 0.77]；F80：0.44[0.26, 0.76]）和F40组（0.42[0.17, 0.81]）中观察到深蹲估计1RM力量有小幅增加；所有组在对抗重负荷（>60%1RM）时达到的平均速度有中度到大幅增加（F40：1.20[0.52, 2.27]；F80：2.20[1.23, 3.93]；M40：0.85[0.29, 1.59]；M80：1.03[0.55, 1.77]），以及在对抗轻负荷（<60%1RM）时平均速度有小幅到中度改善（F40：0.49[-0.24, 1.68]；F80：1.10[0.06, 3.16]；M40：0.80[0.41, 1.35]；M80：0.93[0.25, 1.84]）。最后，只有F40组在反向纵跳（CMJ）高度上有小幅改善（ES = 0.65[0.14, 1.37]）。总之，当初始相对容量负荷相等时，轻负荷和重负荷在男性和女性中产生了相似的力量增长，尽管标准化平均差异表明根据样本和任务存在细微差别。
