Taipale Ritva S, Forssell Jaakko, Ihalainen Johanna K, Kyröläinen Heikki, Häkkinen Keijo
Sports Technology Unit, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Vuokatti, Finland.
Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Front Sports Act Living. 2020 Sep 30;2:581305. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2020.581305. eCollection 2020.
To examine the potential sex differences in adaptations to combined endurance and strength training in recreationally endurance trained (eumenorrheic) women ( = 9) and men ( = 10). Isometric (ISOM) and dynamic bilateral leg press (1RM), countermovement jump (CMJ), running performance (3,000 m time trial), lean mass and body fat % (LEAN and FAT% determined by dual X-ray absorptiometry) as well as serum testosterone and cortisol (TES and COR, respectively, measured using hormone-specific immunoassay kits) were examined before a control period and pre, mid, and post a supervised 10-week combined high-intensity interval endurance training (4 × 4 min intervals and 3 × 3 × 100 m repeated sprints) and mixed maximal and explosive strength training. No more than 2 weeks separated training and testing for either women or men and all women were tested in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle to minimize the possible influence of menstrual cycle phase on performance measures. Absolute and relative changes in 1RM, CMJ, 3,000 m, LEAN, and FAT% were similar between groups. The only statistically significant differences observed between groups were observed at post and included a larger Δ% increase in ISOM force in men and a relatively greater Δ% decrease in serum TES in women. Women and men can achieve similar relative adaptations in dynamic maximal strength and CMJ as well as endurance performance gains and body composition over the same high-intensity 10-week combined program, although relative adaptations in TES may differ.
为研究在进行休闲耐力训练的（月经周期正常的）女性（n = 9）和男性（n = 10）中，对耐力与力量联合训练适应方面的潜在性别差异。在对照期之前以及在为期10周的有监督的高强度间歇耐力训练（4×4分钟间歇和3×3×100米重复冲刺跑）与混合最大力量和爆发力训练的前、中、后阶段，检测了等长收缩（ISOM）和动态双侧腿举（1RM）、反向纵跳（CMJ）、跑步成绩（3000米计时赛）、去脂体重和体脂百分比（LEAN和FAT%通过双能X线吸收法测定）以及血清睾酮和皮质醇（分别为TES和COR，使用激素特异性免疫分析试剂盒测量）。女性或男性的训练与测试间隔不超过2周，并且所有女性均在月经周期的卵泡早期进行测试，以尽量减少月经周期阶段对性能指标的可能影响。两组之间1RM、CMJ、3000米、LEAN和FAT%的绝对和相对变化相似。两组之间观察到的唯一具有统计学意义的差异出现在训练后，包括男性等长收缩力量的Δ%增加更大，以及女性血清TES的Δ%下降相对更大。在相同的10周高强度联合训练计划中，女性和男性在动态最大力量、CMJ以及耐力表现提升和身体成分方面可以实现相似的相对适应性，尽管TES的相对适应性可能有所不同。
