Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2024 Mar-Apr;100 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S31-S39. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.09.008. Epub 2023 Oct 28.
Narrative review evaluating the use of dietary supplements by children and adolescents.
The terms "dietary supplements", "children" and "adolescents" were used in combination in the PubMed, MEDLINE, and SciELO databases, between 2000 and 2023, evaluating studies in humans, published in Portuguese, English, French and Spanish.
The use of dietary supplements by children and adolescents has increased in recent decades. The most commonly used supplements are vitamins, minerals, trace elements, proteins, amino acids, melatonin, fatty acids, probiotics and energy drinks.
Despite having specific indications, most of the time they are not prescribed by a healthcare professional. The reasons for use are varied. In children, the main reasons are protection against infections, stimulating growth, and poor food intake, with multivitamins and minerals being the most commonly used supplements. In adolescents, they are used to improve athletic performance and attain the "ideal body", with proteins and amino acids being the most often used nutrients. As they are not regulated by health agencies and are sold without a prescription, their unsupervised use can lead to inadequate doses, with inefficiency or overdose risk. As for compounding formulations, or when available in preparations with multiple nutrients, the chance of errors increases. It is essential that pediatricians advise parents and patients about the indications, risks and benefits, prescribing them when necessary.
对儿童和青少年使用膳食补充剂的情况进行评估。
在 2000 年至 2023 年间，在 PubMed、MEDLINE 和 SciELO 数据库中，使用了“膳食补充剂”、“儿童”和“青少年”这三个术语，并进行了组合检索，以评估人类研究文献，这些文献的发表语言为葡萄牙语、英语、法语和西班牙语。
近几十年来，儿童和青少年对膳食补充剂的使用有所增加。最常使用的补充剂包括维生素、矿物质、微量元素、蛋白质、氨基酸、褪黑素、脂肪酸、益生菌和能量饮料。
尽管有特定的适应证，但大多数情况下，它们不是由医疗保健专业人员开具的。使用这些补充剂的原因多种多样。在儿童中，主要的原因是预防感染、促进生长和不良的饮食摄入，最常使用的补充剂是多种维生素和矿物质。在青少年中，它们被用于提高运动表现和达到“理想身材”，最常使用的营养素是蛋白质和氨基酸。由于它们不受健康机构监管，并且可以在没有处方的情况下出售，因此，它们的滥用可能会导致剂量不足、效率低下或用药过量的风险。至于复方制剂，或者当可获得含有多种营养素的制剂时，出错的机会就会增加。儿科医生有必要向家长和患者提供关于适应证、风险和益处的建议，并在必要时开具处方。
