Lipopeptide C Fengycin B Exhibits a Novel Antifungal Mechanism by Triggering Metacaspase-Dependent Apoptosis in .

wilt is a worldwide soil-borne fungal disease caused by that causes serious damage to agricultural products. Therefore, preventing and treating fusarium wilt is of great significance. In this study, we purified ten single lipopeptide fengycin components from FAJT-4 and found that C fengycin B inhibited the growth of FJAT-31362. We observed early apoptosis hallmarks, including reactive oxygen species accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and phosphatidylserine externalization in C fengycin B-treated cells. Further data showed that C fengycin B induces cell apoptosis in a metacaspase-dependent manner. Importantly, we found that the expression of autophagy-related genes in the TOR signaling pathway was significantly upregulated; simultaneously, the accumulation of acidic autophagy vacuoles in cell indicated that the autophagy pathway was activated during apoptosis induced by C fengycin B. Therefore, this study provides new insights into the antifungal mechanism of fengycin.