Oliveira Gabriel da Silva, McManus Concepta, Dos Santos Vinícius Machado
Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil.
Laboratory of Poultry Science, Federal Institute of Brasília-Campus Planaltina, Brasília 73380-900, Brazil.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2024 Feb 22;13(3):205. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13030205.
Pathogens, such as (. ), have been identified as significant causes of poultry mortality. Poultry can serve as potential sources of . transmission, even when asymptomatic, posing a substantial threat to food safety and human health. The in ovo administration of antimicrobials is crucial for preventing and/or effectively combating acute and chronic infections caused by poultry pathogens. To achieve this goal, it is critical that antimicrobials are properly injected into embryonic fluids, such as the amnion, to reach target tissues and trigger robust antimicrobial responses. Several protocols based on antimicrobials were evaluated to meet these requirements. This review analyzed the impacts of antimicrobial substances injected in ovo on the control of . in poultry. The reduction in infection rates, resulting from the implementation of in ovo antimicrobials, combined with efforts aimed at hygienic-sanitary action plans in poultry sheds, reinforces confidence that . can be contained before causing large scale damage. For example, antimicrobial peptides and probiotics have shown potential to provide protection to poultry against infections caused by . Issues related to the toxicity and bacterial resistance of many synthetic chemical compounds represent challenges that need to be overcome before the commercial application of in ovo injection protocols focused on microbiological control.
诸如（. ）之类的病原体已被确定为家禽死亡的重要原因。家禽即使无症状也可能成为（. ）传播的潜在源头，对食品安全和人类健康构成重大威胁。胚胎期注射抗菌药物对于预防和/或有效对抗家禽病原体引起的急性和慢性感染至关重要。为实现这一目标，关键是要将抗菌药物正确注入羊膜等胚胎液中，以到达靶组织并引发强烈的抗菌反应。评估了几种基于抗菌药物的方案以满足这些要求。本综述分析了胚胎期注射抗菌物质对控制家禽（. ）的影响。胚胎期使用抗菌药物导致感染率降低，再加上家禽舍卫生行动计划的努力，增强了人们对（. ）在造成大规模损害之前能够得到控制的信心。例如，抗菌肽和益生菌已显示出为家禽提供保护以抵御由（. ）引起的感染的潜力。许多合成化合物的毒性和细菌耐药性相关问题是专注于微生物控制的胚胎期注射方案商业化应用之前需要克服的挑战。
