Gautam Isha, Singh Kalpana, Dickwella Widanage Malitha C, Yarava Jayasubba Reddy, Wang Tuo
Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
J Fungi (Basel). 2024 Mar 16;10(3):219. doi: 10.3390/jof10030219.
The fungal cell wall plays a critical role in regulating cellular integrity and communication, and serves as a frontline defense against stress. It is also a prime target for the development of antifungal agents. The cell wall is comprised of diverse polysaccharides and proteins and poses a challenging target for high-resolution structural characterization. Recently, the solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) analysis of intact cells has provided atomic-level insights into the structural polymorphism and functional assembly principles of carbohydrate components within the cell wall. This physical perspective, alongside structural information from biochemical assays, offers a renewed understanding of the cell wall as a highly complex and dynamic organelle. Here, we summarize key conceptual advancements in the structural elucidation of mycelial and conidial cell walls and their responses to stressors. We also highlight underexplored areas and discuss the opportunities facilitated by technical advancements in ssNMR spectroscopy.
真菌细胞壁在调节细胞完整性和通讯方面起着关键作用，并作为抵御压力的第一道防线。它也是抗真菌药物开发的主要靶点。细胞壁由多种多糖和蛋白质组成，是高分辨率结构表征的一个具有挑战性的靶点。最近，对完整细胞的固态核磁共振（ssNMR）分析为细胞壁内碳水化合物成分的结构多态性和功能组装原理提供了原子水平的见解。这种物理视角，连同来自生化分析的结构信息，使人们对细胞壁作为一种高度复杂且动态的细胞器有了新的认识。在这里，我们总结了菌丝体和分生孢子细胞壁结构解析及其对应激源反应方面的关键概念进展。我们还强调了未充分探索的领域，并讨论了ssNMR光谱技术进步带来的机遇。
