Identification and Validation of Reference Genes for qRT-PCR Analysis of Petal-Color-Related Genes in .

The flower's color is regarded as one of the most outstanding features of the rose. Byhouwer, an endemic and critically endangered decaploid wild rose species, is abundant in phenotypic diversity, especially in flower color variation, from white to different degrees of pink. The mechanism underlying this variation, e.g., the level of petal-color-related genes, is worth probing. Seven candidate reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis, including tubulin α chain (), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (), histone H2B (), eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1-α (), 60S ribosomal protein (), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1-α (), and aquaporins (), were detected from the transcriptome datasets of full blooming flowers of white-petaled and pink-petaled individuals, and their expression stabilities were evaluated through qRT-PCR analysis. According to stability rankings analysis, showed the highest stability and could be chosen as the most suitable reference gene. Moreover, the reliability of was demonstrated via qRT-PCR analysis of six petal-color-related target genes, the expression patterns of which, through normalization, were found to be consistent with the findings of transcriptome analysis. The result provides an optimal reference gene for exploring the expression level of petal-color-related genes in , which will accelerate the dissection of petal-color-variation mechanisms in .