Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Malaysia.
Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia.
Front Public Health. 2024 Mar 13;12:1289622. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1289622. eCollection 2024.
Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, it has spread rapidly across the world and has resulted in recurrent outbreaks. This study aims to describe the COVID-19 epidemiology in terms of COVID-19 cases, deaths, ICU admissions, ventilator requirements, testing, incidence rate, death rate, case fatality rate (CFR) and test positivity rate for each outbreak from the beginning of the pandemic in 2020 till endemicity of COVID-19 in 2022 in Malaysia.
Data was sourced from the GitHub repository and the Ministry of Health's official COVID-19 website. The study period was from the beginning of the outbreak in Malaysia, which began during Epidemiological Week (Ep Wk) 4 in 2020, to the last Ep Wk 18 in 2022. Data were aggregated by Ep Wk and analyzed in terms of COVID-19 cases, deaths, ICU admissions, ventilator requirements, testing, incidence rate, death rate, case fatality rate (CFR) and test positivity rate by years (2020 and 2022) and for each outbreak of COVID-19.
A total of 4,456,736 cases, 35,579 deaths and 58,906,954 COVID-19 tests were reported for the period from 2020 to 2022. The COVID-19 incidence rate, death rate, CFR and test positivity rate were reported at 1.085 and 0.009 per 1,000 populations, 0.80 and 7.57%, respectively, for the period from 2020 to 2022. Higher cases, deaths, testing, incidence/death rate, CFR and test positivity rates were reported in 2021 and during the Delta outbreak. This is evident by the highest number of COVID-19 cases, ICU admissions, ventilatory requirements and deaths observed during the Delta outbreak.
The Delta outbreak was the most severe compared to other outbreaks in Malaysia's study period. In addition, this study provides evidence that outbreaks of COVID-19, which are caused by highly virulent and transmissible variants, tend to be more severe and devastating if these outbreaks are not controlled early on. Therefore, close monitoring of key epidemiological indicators, as reported in this study, is essential in the control and management of future COVID-19 outbreaks in Malaysia.
自 2020 年新冠疫情大流行开始以来，它已在全球迅速传播，并导致多次爆发。本研究旨在描述从 2020 年大流行开始到 2022 年新冠疫情成为地方病期间，马来西亚每次疫情的新冠病例、死亡、重症监护病房（ICU）入院、呼吸机需求、检测、发病率、死亡率、病死率（CFR）和检测阳性率。
数据来自 GitHub 存储库和卫生部官方新冠网站。研究期间为马来西亚疫情爆发开始，即 2020 年第 4 周（Ep Wk 4），至 2022 年最后 18 周（Ep Wk 18）。数据按 Ep Wk 汇总，并按年份（2020 年和 2022 年）和每次新冠疫情分析新冠病例、死亡、ICU 入院、呼吸机需求、检测、发病率、死亡率、病死率（CFR）和检测阳性率。
2020 年至 2022 年期间共报告了 4456736 例病例、35579 例死亡和 58906954 例新冠检测。2020 年至 2022 年期间，新冠发病率、死亡率、CFR 和检测阳性率分别为每 1000 人 1.085 和 0.009、0.80 和 7.57%。2021 年和 Delta 疫情期间报告的病例、死亡、检测、发病率/死亡率、CFR 和检测阳性率更高。Delta 疫情期间观察到的新冠病例、ICU 入院、呼吸机需求和死亡人数最多，证明了这一点。
与马来西亚研究期间的其他疫情相比，Delta 疫情最为严重。此外，本研究提供了证据，表明由高毒力和高传染性变异引起的新冠疫情，如果不早期控制，往往更严重和具有破坏性。因此，密切监测本研究报告的关键流行病学指标，对于控制和管理马来西亚未来的新冠疫情至关重要。
