Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University Tehran, P.O. Box: 1983969411, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2024 Mar 31;14(1):7600. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-57920-3.
Children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have impaired hot and cold executive functions, which is thought to be related to impaired ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (vmPFC and dlPFC) functions. The present study aimed to assess the impact concurrent stimulation of dlPFC and vmPFC through transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), a non-invasive brain stimulation tool which enhances cortical excitability via application of alternating sinusoidal currents with random frequencies and amplitudes over the respective target regions on hot and cold executive functions. Eighteen children with ADHD received real and sham tRNS over the left dlPFC and the right vmPFC in two sessions with one week interval. The participants performed Circle Tracing, Go/No-Go, Wisconsin Card Sorting, and Balloon Analogue Risk Tasks during stimulation in each session. The results showed improved ongoing inhibition, prepotent inhibition, working memory, and decision making, but not set-shifting performance, during real, as compared to sham stimulation. This indicates that simultaneous stimulation of the dlPFC and the vmPFC improves hot and cold executive functions in children with ADHD.
患有注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童存在冷热执行功能受损的情况，这被认为与腹内侧前额叶皮层（vmPFC）和背外侧前额叶皮层（dlPFC）功能受损有关。本研究旨在评估经颅随机噪声刺激（tRNS）对 dlPFC 和 vmPFC 的同步刺激对冷热执行功能的影响，tRNS 是一种非侵入性脑刺激工具，通过在相应的目标区域施加具有随机频率和幅度的交替正弦电流来增强皮质兴奋性。18 名 ADHD 儿童在两个疗程中，每个疗程间隔一周，分别接受左 dlPFC 和右 vmPFC 的真实和假 tRNS 刺激。参与者在每个疗程的刺激期间完成圆圈追踪、Go/No-Go、威斯康星卡片分类和气球模拟风险任务。结果表明，与假刺激相比，真实刺激下，持续抑制、优势反应抑制、工作记忆和决策能力得到改善，但转换能力没有改善。这表明同时刺激 dlPFC 和 vmPFC 可改善 ADHD 儿童的冷热执行功能。
