Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University, Cairo, Egypt.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2024 Mar 18;14:1318585. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1318585. eCollection 2024.
One of the most important emerging health problems is the increasing role of animals in the rapid global rise in resistance to last-resort antibiotics, such as carbapenems. However, there is limited information on the role of pet animals in harboring and spreading pandrug-resistant (PDR) carbapenemase-producing (CPE), especially in Egypt. This cross-sectional study was conducted to screen for CPE in healthy and diseased pets using phenotypic and molecular methods and the NG-Test CARBA 5 immunochromatographic assay. Rectal swabs were collected from 62 dogs and 48 cats, incubated overnight in tryptic soy broth containing 10 μg of meropenem disc and subsequently cultured on MacConkey agar supplemented with meropenem (1 mg/L). Sixty-six isolates (60.6%), including 56 , seven , and three isolates, were confirmed to be carbapenem-resistant (CRE) by the disc diffusion method, broth microdilution test, CNPt-direct, and PCR assay targeting carbapenemase genes. Forty-three (65.2%) dogs and 23 (34.8%) cats carried CPE. Of these, 35 (70.0%) were healthy (including 27 dogs and 8 cats) and 31 (52.5%) were diseased (including 16 dogs and 15 cats). was the most common gene detected (42/66, 63.6%), followed by (40/66, 60.6%), (29/66, 43.9%), and (20/66, 30.3% each), and (17/66, 25.8%). The identified genotypes were , , , , and . The CARBA 5 assay showed higher sensitivity and specificity for the detection of NDM, OXA and KPC than that for VIM and IMP genes. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of CRE isolates revealed 20 PDR, 30 extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and 16 multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. This study provides evidence of colonization with PDR CPE in dogs and cats. To manage the infection or colonization of pets in veterinary clinical settings, extended surveillance systems should be considered, and the use of critical antibiotics should be strictly controlled.
一个最重要的新兴健康问题是动物在迅速增加对最后手段抗生素(如碳青霉烯类)的耐药性全球上升中所起的作用。然而,关于宠物在携带和传播泛耐药(PDR)碳青霉烯酶产生菌(CPE)方面的作用,特别是在埃及,信息有限。本横断面研究使用表型和分子方法以及 NG-Test CARBA 5 免疫层析检测法,对健康和患病宠物进行 CPE 筛查。从 62 只狗和 48 只猫中采集直肠拭子,在含有 10μg 美罗培南纸片的胰蛋白酶大豆肉汤中孵育过夜,随后在含有美罗培南(1mg/L)的 MacConkey 琼脂上培养。66 株(60.6%)分离株通过纸片扩散法、肉汤微量稀释试验、CNPt-direct 和针对碳青霉烯酶基因的 PCR 检测被确认为耐碳青霉烯(CRE)。43 只(65.2%)狗和 23 只(34.8%)猫携带 CPE。其中,35 株(70.0%)为健康(包括 27 只狗和 8 只猫),31 株(52.5%)为患病(包括 16 只狗和 15 只猫)。检测到的最常见基因是 blaNDM(42/66,63.6%),其次是 blaOXA-48-like(40/66,60.6%)、blaKPC-2(29/66,43.9%)和 blaCTX-M-15(20/66,30.3%),blaIMP-1 (17/66,25.8%)。鉴定的基因型为 blaCTX-M-15、blaOXA-48-like、blaKPC-2、blaNDM 和 blaIMP-1。CARBA 5 检测法对 NDM、OXA 和 KPC 的检测灵敏度和特异性高于 VIM 和 IMP 基因。CRE 分离株的抗菌药物耐药谱显示 20 株为 PDR,30 株为 XDR,16 株为 MDR。本研究提供了狗和猫中 PDR CPE 定植的证据。为了在兽医临床环境中管理宠物的感染或定植,应考虑扩展监测系统,并严格控制关键抗生素的使用。