School of Psychology, Murdoch University, WA, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, WA, Australia.
School of Psychology, Murdoch University, WA, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, WA, Australia.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2024 Jun;161:105649. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105649. Epub 2024 Apr 4.
With dementia incidence projected to escalate significantly within the next 25 years, the United Nations declared 2021-2030 the Decade of Healthy Ageing, emphasising cognition as a crucial element. As a leading discipline in cognition and ageing research, psychology is well-equipped to offer insights for translational research, clinical practice, and policy-making. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the current state of knowledge on age-related changes in cognition and psychological health. We discuss cognitive changes during ageing, including (a) heterogeneity in the rate, trajectory, and characteristics of decline experienced by older adults, (b) the role of cognitive reserve in age-related cognitive decline, and (c) the potential for cognitive training to slow this decline. We also examine ageing and cognition through multiple theoretical perspectives. We highlight critical unresolved issues, such as the disparate implications of subjective versus objective measures of cognitive decline and the insufficient evaluation of cognitive training programs. We suggest future research directions, and emphasise interdisciplinary collaboration to create a more comprehensive understanding of the factors that modulate cognitive ageing.
随着痴呆症发病率预计在未来 25 年内显著上升，联合国宣布 2021-2030 年为“健康老龄化十年”，强调认知是一个关键要素。心理学作为认知和衰老研究的领先学科，有能力为转化研究、临床实践和决策提供见解。在这篇全面的综述中，我们讨论了认知和心理健康与年龄相关的变化的现有知识状况。我们讨论了衰老过程中的认知变化，包括(a) 老年人经历的衰退速度、轨迹和特征的异质性，(b) 认知储备在与年龄相关的认知衰退中的作用，以及(c) 认知训练减缓这种衰退的潜力。我们还通过多种理论视角考察了衰老和认知。我们强调了关键的未解决问题，例如主观和客观认知衰退测量的不同影响，以及对认知训练计划的评估不足。我们提出了未来的研究方向，并强调跨学科合作，以更全面地了解调节认知衰老的因素。
