Zang Wanli, Zhu Jinyi, Xiao Ningkun, Fang Mingqing, Li Dong, Li Haiming, Yan Jin, Jing Hongying, Wang Su
Postgraduate School, University of Harbin Sport, Harbin, China.
Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
Heliyon. 2024 Mar 27;10(7):e28633. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28633. eCollection 2024 Apr 15.
To investigate the effects of exercise on executive function in children, providing an evidence-based foundation to inform future research in school physical education and health education.
We searched ten databases: Cochrane Library, Scopus, OVID, Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCOhost, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, CNKI, WANFANG DATA, VIP, and SinoMed, and eight articles were included. Applying the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials (RoB2), funnel plots and Egger regression analysis were integrated with R meta-analysis to screen for publication bias. The quality of the evidence was appraised using the Grading system.
The included literature contained 2655 participants, with 1308 in the experimental group and 1347 in the control group. The results indicated that the aerobic exercise group considerably improved inhibitory control in children compared to the control group [SMD = 0.29, 95% CI (0.05, 0.54), = 0.018]; working memory [SMD = 0.25, 95% CI (0.07, 0.42), = 0.005]; and cognitive flexibility [SMD = 0.36, 95% CI (0.17, 0.54), < 0.001]. However, the findings indicated that only aerobic exercise interventions extending beyond 50 weeks positively influenced academic performance in children [SMD = 1.19, 95% CI (0.34, 2.04), = 0.006]. The results of an Egger regression analysis revealed that the p-values for inhibitory control, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and academic performance were more significant than 0.1. The Grade system said that the quality of evidence was all low regarding the level of evidence.
Aerobic exercise enhanced executive function but only aerobic exercise interventions extending beyond 50 weeks demonstrated a significant effect on the academic performance of children. Due to the low quality of evidence presented in this study, additional high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.
探讨运动对儿童执行功能的影响，为未来学校体育和健康教育研究提供循证依据。
检索了十个数据库：Cochrane图书馆、Scopus、OVID、科学网、PubMed、EBSCOhost、SPORTDiscus、PsycINFO、中国知网、万方数据、维普资讯和中国生物医学文献数据库，纳入了八篇文章。应用修订后的Cochrane随机试验偏倚风险工具（RoB2），采用漏斗图和Egger回归分析结合R元分析来筛查发表偏倚。使用分级系统对证据质量进行评估。
纳入文献共2655名参与者，其中实验组1308名，对照组1347名。结果表明，与对照组相比，有氧运动组儿童的抑制控制能力有显著提高[标准化均数差（SMD）=0.29，95%置信区间（CI）（0.05，0.54），P=0.018]；工作记忆[SMD=0.25，95%CI（0.07，0.42），P=0.005]；以及认知灵活性[SMD=0.36，95%CI（0.17，0.54），P<0.001]。然而，研究结果表明，只有持续时间超过50周的有氧运动干预对儿童学业成绩有积极影响[SMD=1.19，95%CI（0.34，2.04），P=0.006]。Egger回归分析结果显示，抑制控制、工作记忆、认知灵活性和学业成绩的P值均大于0.1。分级系统表明，就证据水平而言，所有证据质量均较低。
有氧运动可增强执行功能，但只有持续时间超过50周的有氧运动干预对儿童学业成绩有显著影响。由于本研究提供的证据质量较低，需要更多高质量的随机对照试验来证实这些发现。
