Ferrer-Uris Blai, Ramos Maria Angeles, Busquets Albert, Angulo-Barroso Rosa
Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Northridge, CA, United States.
AIMS Neurosci. 2022 Apr 2;9(2):150-174. doi: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2022009. eCollection 2022.
It is widely accepted that physical exercise can be used as a tool for the prevention and treatment of various diseases or disorders. In addition, in the recent years, exercise has also been successfully used to enhance people's cognition. There is a large amount of research that has supported the benefits of physical exercise on human cognition, both in children and adults. Among these studies, some have focused on the acute or transitory effects of exercise on cognition, while others have focused on the effects of regular physical exercise. However, the relation between exercise and cognition is complex and we still have limited knowledge about the moderators and mechanisms underlying this relation. Most of human studies have focused on the behavioral aspects of exercise-effects on cognition, while animal studies have deepened in its possible neuro-physiological mechanisms. Even so, thanks to advances in neuroimaging techniques, there is a growing body of evidence that provides valuable information regarding these mechanisms in the human population. This review aims to analyze the effects of regular and acute aerobic exercise on cognition. The exercise-cognition relationship will be reviewed both from the behavioral perspective and from the neurophysiological mechanisms. The effects of exercise on animals, adult humans, and infant humans will be analyzed separately. Finally, physical exercise intervention programs aiming to increase cognitive performance in scholar and workplace environments will be reviewed.
人们普遍认为体育锻炼可作为预防和治疗各种疾病或失调的一种手段。此外,近年来,运动也已成功用于提高人们的认知能力。有大量研究支持体育锻炼对儿童和成人的人类认知有益。在这些研究中,一些关注运动对认知的急性或短暂影响,而另一些则关注定期体育锻炼的影响。然而,运动与认知之间的关系很复杂,我们对这种关系背后的调节因素和机制仍然了解有限。大多数人体研究关注运动对认知影响的行为方面,而动物研究则深入探讨了其可能的神经生理机制。即便如此,由于神经成像技术的进步,越来越多的证据为人类群体中的这些机制提供了有价值的信息。本综述旨在分析定期和急性有氧运动对认知的影响。将从行为角度和神经生理机制两方面综述运动与认知的关系。将分别分析运动对动物、成年人类和婴儿人类的影响。最后,将综述旨在提高学校和工作场所环境中认知表现的体育锻炼干预计划。