Department of Didactics of Music, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports(NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
J Sports Sci. 2021 Jun;39(11):1277-1286. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1864985. Epub 2021 Jan 6.
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a 10-week active recess programme in school setting on physical fitness, school aptitudes, creativity and cognitive flexibility in children. A total of 114 children (age range = 8-12 years old, 47.3% girls) participated in this study. The students were randomly assigned to two groups, experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). The EG performed a programme of physical exercise at moderate to vigorous intensity with cognitive engagement for 10 weeks, three times a week. Physical fitness, school aptitudes, creativity, and cognitive flexibility were tested. Non-significant differences were found in physical fitness (both pre-test and post-test) between groups. The EG experienced significant improvements in all school aptitudes, creativity and cognitive flexibility (TMT test). In addition, the EG showed greater increase (p<0.05) than the CG in all variables of school aptitudes (p<0.01), creativity (p<0.001) and cognitive flexibility (p<0.05). Significant correlation between ∆ TMT-B and ∆ Omax (r=-0.289, p=0.031) was found. In conclusion, active recess based on high intensity training can be a proper tool to improve some cognitive skills, such as school aptitudes, creativity, and cognitive flexibility.
本研究旨在评估学校环境中为期 10 周的积极课间休息计划对儿童身体素质、学业能力、创造力和认知灵活性的影响。共有 114 名儿童（年龄范围为 8-12 岁，女孩占 47.3%）参与了这项研究。学生被随机分配到两个组，实验组（EG）和对照组（CG）。EG 每周进行三次、中等至剧烈强度的认知参与性体育锻炼计划，共进行 10 周。测试了身体素质、学业能力、创造力和认知灵活性。组间在身体素质（前测和后测）方面未发现显著差异。EG 在所有学业能力、创造力和认知灵活性（TMT 测试）方面均有显著提高。此外，EG 在所有学业能力（p<0.01）、创造力（p<0.001）和认知灵活性（p<0.05）变量方面的增长均大于 CG。还发现 TMT-B 的变化与 Omax 的变化之间存在显著相关性（r=-0.289，p=0.031）。总之，基于高强度训练的积极课间休息可以是提高某些认知技能的合适工具，如学业能力、创造力和认知灵活性。
