Evaluation of Uterine Carcinosarcoma and Uterine Endometrial Carcinoma Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings and Texture Features.

Aim  This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and texture features (TFs) for differentiating uterine endometrial carcinoma from uterine carcinosarcoma. Methods This retrospective study included 102 patients who were histopathologically diagnosed after surgery with uterine endometrial carcinoma (n=68) or uterine carcinosarcoma (n=34) between January 2008 and December 2021. We assessed conventional MRI findings and measurements (cMRFMs) and TFs on T2-weighted images (T2WI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map, as well as their combinations, in differentiating between uterine endometrial carcinoma and uterine carcinosarcoma. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was used to select three features with the highest absolute value of the LASSO regression coefficient for each model and construct a discriminative model. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the disease models and conduct receiver operating characteristic analyses on the cMRFMs, T2WI-TFs, ADC-TFs, and their combined model to compare the two diseases. Results A total of four models were constructed from each of the three selected features. The area under the curve (AUC) of the discriminative model using these features was 0.772, 0.878, 0.748, and 0.915 for the cMRFMs, T2WI-TFs, ADC-TFs, and a combined model of cMRFMs and TFs, respectively. The combined model showed a higher AUC than the other models, with a high diagnostic performance (AUC=0.915). Conclusion A combined model using cMRFMs and TFs might be helpful for the differential diagnosis of uterine endometrial carcinoma and uterine carcinosarcoma.