Hui Qingxin, Pan Yuwei, Yang Zhugen
Cranfield Water Science Institute, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK.
Case Stud Chem Environ Eng. 2020 Sep;2:100064. doi: 10.1016/j.cscee.2020.100064. Epub 2020 Nov 29.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, evolved into a global pandemic in 2020, and the outbreak has taken an enormous toll on individuals, families, communities and societies around the world. One practical and effective strategy is to implement rapid case identification based on a rapid testing to respond to this public health crisis. Currently, the available technologies used for rapid diagnostics include RT-PCR, RT-LAMP, ELISA and NGS. Still, due to their different limitations, they are not well suited for rapid diagnosis in a variety of locations. Paper-based devices are alternative approaches to achieve rapid diagnosis, which are cost-effective, highly selective, sensitive, portable, and easy-to-use. In addition to individual virus screening, wastewater-based epidemiology has been emerged to be an effective way for early warning of outbreak within the population, which tests viral genome sequence to reflect information on the spread and distribution of the virus because SARS-CoV-2 can be shed into wastewater through the feces and urine from infected population. In this paper, we describe paper-based device as a low-cost and rapid sensor for both diagnosis and testing of sewage for early warning of outbreak. More importantly, the device has great potential for real-time detection in the field, without any advanced facilities or well-trained and skilled personnel, and provides early warning or timely intervention of an outbreak of pandemic.
由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的冠状病毒病（COVID-19）在2020年演变成一场全球大流行，这场疫情给世界各地的个人、家庭、社区和社会造成了巨大损失。一种切实有效的策略是基于快速检测实施快速病例识别，以应对这一公共卫生危机。目前，用于快速诊断的现有技术包括逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）、逆转录环介导等温扩增技术（RT-LAMP）、酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）和下一代测序（NGS）。然而，由于它们存在不同的局限性，并不十分适合在各种场所进行快速诊断。基于纸的设备是实现快速诊断的替代方法，具有成本效益高、选择性高、灵敏度高、便于携带和易于使用等特点。除了对个体病毒进行筛查外，基于污水的流行病学已成为人群中疫情早期预警的有效方法，该方法通过检测病毒基因组序列来反映病毒的传播和分布信息，因为SARS-CoV-2可通过受感染人群的粪便和尿液排入污水中。在本文中，我们将基于纸的设备描述为一种低成本、快速的传感器，用于诊断和检测污水以进行疫情早期预警。更重要的是，该设备在现场进行实时检测具有巨大潜力，无需任何先进设施或训练有素、技术熟练的人员，并能对大流行疫情提供早期预警或及时干预。
