Lin Yi, Ezzati Armin, McLaren Christian, Zeidan Rola S, Anton Stephen D
Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States.
Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
Nutr Rev. 2024 Dec 20. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae195.
Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a form of intermittent fasting that involves reducing the time-period in which food is typically consumed daily. While TRE is known to induce health benefits, particularly for adults with obesity, there is currently debate about whether the time of day in which food is consumed also contributes to the health benefits of TRE. Early TRE (eTRE) and late TRE (lTRE) are subtypes of TRE that involve consuming food and caloric beverages either in the early or later part of the day. A growing body of literature indicates that eTRE may offer additional health benefits compared with lTRE. An important and unanswered question, however, is whether most adults can adhere to this type of eating pattern and whether adherence and retention differ between eTRE and lTRE. This narrative review compared adherence and retention in studies that implemented either eTRE or lTRE in adults for 8 weeks or longer. Five databases were searched, and 10 studies met our eligibility criteria. The key finding was that participants had high and comparable levels of adherence and retention in both eTRE and lTRE interventions. Specifically, the mean adherence rate was 81.4% for eTRE and 82.3% for lTRE, while the mean retention rate was 81% for eTRE and 85.8% for lTRE in eligible studies. Thus, the findings support the feasibility of both approaches. The lowest adherence and retention rates occurred in studies in which either eTRE or lTRE regimens were combined with other dietary interventions. Notably, the duration of the eating window did not seem to negatively affect adherence and retention rates for either eTRE or lTRE. More research is warranted to determine the influence of other factors, such as age and study location, on adherence to and retention of both eTRE and lTRE interventions.
限时进食（TRE）是间歇性禁食的一种形式，它涉及缩短每日通常进食的时间段。虽然已知TRE有益健康，尤其是对肥胖成年人，但目前对于进食时间是否也有助于TRE的健康益处存在争议。早期限时进食（eTRE）和晚期限时进食（lTRE）是TRE的亚型，分别指在一天中的早些时候或晚些时候进食食物和含热量饮料。越来越多的文献表明，与lTRE相比，eTRE可能带来额外的健康益处。然而，一个重要且未得到解答的问题是，大多数成年人是否能够坚持这种饮食模式，以及eTRE和lTRE在依从性和持续性方面是否存在差异。这篇叙述性综述比较了在成年人中实施eTRE或lTRE达8周或更长时间的研究中的依从性和持续性。检索了五个数据库，有10项研究符合我们的纳入标准。关键发现是，参与者在eTRE和lTRE干预中的依从性和持续性水平都很高且相当。具体而言，在符合条件的研究中，eTRE的平均依从率为81.4%，lTRE为82.3%，而eTRE的平均持续率为81%，lTRE为85.8%。因此，这些发现支持了两种方法的可行性。依从性和持续率最低的情况出现在eTRE或lTRE方案与其他饮食干预相结合的研究中。值得注意的是，进食窗口的时长似乎并未对eTRE或lTRE的依从性和持续率产生负面影响。有必要进行更多研究，以确定年龄和研究地点等其他因素对eTRE和lTRE干预的依从性和持续性的影响。
