Akerblom H K, Reunanen A
Diabetes Care. 1985 Sep-Oct;8 Suppl 1:10-6. doi: 10.2337/diacare.8.1.s10.
The incidence and prevalence of IDDM are high by international standards in all Nordic countries, and Finland has the highest incidence and prevalence figures of the disease in the world. During the period 1970-1980, the mean annual incidence (per 100,000) in 0-14-yr-old children was 28.6 in Finland, 22.7 in Sweden, 17.6 in Norway, and 14.0 in Denmark. The corresponding prevalence figures were: Finland 191, Sweden 148, Iceland 141, Norway 120, and Denmark 83. Thus, on a countrywide basis the incidence increased from south to north (and from west to east). However, within some of the Nordic countries (Finland, Norway, and Sweden) there were regional variations not compatible with the above "latitude rule." As in many studies from other countries, the following characteristics were observed in the IDDM epidemiology in children and adolescents: a steady rise of incidence throughout childhood until puberty, the peak occurring earlier in girls than in boys, a male excess in young children and adolescents, a seasonal variation, and a secular trend. The possible causes of the high incidence and prevalence are briefly discussed.
按照国际标准，所有北欧国家的胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（IDDM）发病率和患病率都很高，而芬兰是全球该疾病发病率和患病率最高的国家。在1970年至1980年期间，芬兰0至14岁儿童的年平均发病率（每10万人）为28.6，瑞典为22.7，挪威为17.6，丹麦为14.0。相应的患病率数据分别为：芬兰191，瑞典148，冰岛141，挪威120，丹麦83。因此，从全国范围来看，发病率从南向北（以及从西向东）呈上升趋势。然而，在一些北欧国家（芬兰、挪威和瑞典）内部，存在与上述“纬度规则”不符的地区差异。与其他国家的许多研究一样，在儿童和青少年IDDM流行病学中观察到以下特征：整个儿童期发病率稳步上升直至青春期，女孩的发病高峰早于男孩，幼儿和青少年中男性患者居多，存在季节性变化，以及长期趋势。文中简要讨论了高发病率和患病率的可能原因。
