SCAPS-1D simulated organometallic halide perovskites: A comparison of performance under Sub-Saharan temperature condition.

Photovoltaic technology has been widely recognized as a means to advance green energy solutions in the sub-Saharan region. In the real-time operation of solar modules, temperature plays a crucial role, making it necessary to evaluate the thermal impact on the performance of the solar devices, especially in high-insolation environments. Hence, this paper investigates the effect of operating temperature on the performance of two types of organometallic halide perovskites (OHP) - formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI) and methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI). The solar cells were evaluated under a typical Nigerian climate in two different cities before and after graphene passivation. Using a one-dimensional solar capacitance simulation software (SCAPS-1D) program, the simulation results show that graphene passivation improved the conversion efficiency of the solar cells by 0.51 % (FASnI device) and 3.11 % (MAPbI device). The presence of graphene played a vital role in resisting charge recombination and metal diffusion, which are responsible for the losses in OHP. Thermal analysis revealed that the MAPbI device exhibited an increased fill factor (FF) in the temperature range of 20-64 °C, increasing the power conversion efficiency (PCE). This ensured that the MAPbI solar cell performed better in the city and the season with harsher thermal conditions (Kaduna, dry season). Thus, MAPbI solar cells can thrive excellently in environments where the operating temperature is below 65 °C. Overall, this study shows that the application of OHP devices in sub-Saharan climatic conditions is empirically possible with the right material modification.