Li Min, Kopylova Evguenia, Mao Junhong, Namkoong Jin, Sanders Jon, Wu Joanna
Colgate-Palmolive Company, Global Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
Clarity Genomics, San Diego, CA, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Apr 11;15:1383656. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1383656. eCollection 2024.
Human skin acts as a protective barrier between the body and the external environment. Skin microbiome and intercellular lipids in the stratum corneum (SC) are essential for maintaining skin barrier function. However, the interplay between skin bacteria and the lipids is not fully understood. In this study, we characterized the skin microbiome and SC lipid profiles from the forearm and face in a cohort of 57 healthy participants. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed the skin microbial composition is significantly different between body locations and genders. Female forearm samples have the highest microbial diversity. The relative abundance of and sp. are significantly higher in the forearm than the face. The predictive functional analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing by Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt2) and ANCOM-BC showed different bacterial metabolic pathway profiles between body locations or genders, and identified 271 differential pathways, including arginine and polyamine biosynthesis, chorismate biosynthesis pathways, which are more abundant in the female forearm, and sulfur oxidation pathway, which is more abundant in the male face. The SC lipid profiles differ between the body locations as well. Total free fatty acids (FFA), cholesterol sulfate and sphingosine are more abundant in the face. Dihydro-/6-hydroxy/phyto-ceramides are more abundant in the forearm. The correlation analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and lipids revealed novel interplay between the bacteria and skin lipids. Shannon entropy and negatively correlated with FFA, cholesterol sulfate and sphingosine; while positively correlated with dihydro-/6-hydroxy/phyto-ceramides. The correlation of predictive pathway profiles and lipids identified pathways involved in amino acids metabolism, carbohydrates degradation, aromatic compounds metabolism and fatty acid degradation metabolism are positively correlated with dihydro-/6-hydroxy/phyto-ceramides and negatively correlated with FFA, cholesterol sulfate and sphingosine. This study provides insights on the potential correlation between skin microbiome and lipids.
人类皮肤作为身体与外部环境之间的保护屏障。皮肤微生物群和角质层（SC）中的细胞间脂质对于维持皮肤屏障功能至关重要。然而，皮肤细菌与脂质之间的相互作用尚未完全了解。在本研究中，我们对57名健康参与者队列中前臂和面部的皮肤微生物群和SC脂质谱进行了表征。16S rRNA基因测序显示，身体部位和性别之间的皮肤微生物组成存在显著差异。女性前臂样本具有最高的微生物多样性。前臂中 和 属的相对丰度明显高于面部。通过未观察状态重建的群落系统发育调查（PICRUSt2）和ANCOM-BC对16S rRNA基因测序进行的预测功能分析表明，身体部位或性别之间的细菌代谢途径谱不同，并鉴定出271条差异途径，包括精氨酸和多胺生物合成、分支酸生物合成途径，这些在前臂女性中更为丰富，以及硫氧化途径，在男性面部更为丰富。SC脂质谱在身体部位之间也有所不同。总游离脂肪酸（FFA）、硫酸胆固醇和鞘氨醇在面部更为丰富。二氢/6-羟基/植物神经酰胺在前臂中更为丰富。16S rRNA基因测序与脂质的相关性分析揭示了细菌与皮肤脂质之间的新相互作用。香农熵和 与FFA、硫酸胆固醇和鞘氨醇呈负相关；而与二氢/6-羟基/植物神经酰胺呈正相关。预测途径谱与脂质的相关性确定，参与氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物降解、芳香化合物代谢和脂肪酸降解代谢的途径与二氢/6-羟基/植物神经酰胺呈正相关，与FFA、硫酸胆固醇和鞘氨醇呈负相关。本研究为皮肤微生物群与脂质之间的潜在相关性提供了见解。
