Radwanski Mateusz, Piwonski Ireneusz, Szmechtyk Tomasz, Sauro Salvatore, Lukomska-Szymanska Monika
Department of Endodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 163 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2025 May 18;15(10):756. doi: 10.3390/nano15100756.
Calcium silicate-based sealers (CSBS) vary in chemical composition, which can influence treatment outcomes. Therefore, the study aimed at comparing several commercially available CSBS regarding microstructure and elemental characterization. Four CSBS (AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer, BioRoot RCS, BioRoot Flow, TotalFill BC Sealer) and a control resin-based sealer (AH Plus) were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRD). The specimens were analyzed after setting (SEM, EDX, XRD), as well as after 7 (SEM) and 28 days (SEM, EDX) of incubation in Hank's balanced salt solution. AH Plus exhibited a uniform matrix and small amounts of calcium (Ca), significantly decreasing after incubation. In contrast, CSBSs exhibited crystalline forms on the surface and increased Ca content, significantly increasing after 28 days of incubation. The main crystalline phase for all tested CSBS was zirconium oxide, while for ERBS it was calcium tungstate. In conclusion, the amount of calcium increased on the surface of CSBSs after incubation, which alkalinized the pH, promoting mineralization, apatite formation, and antibacterial potential. Despite this, the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer was not demonstrated, possibly due to the high dissolution potential of CSBSs.
硅酸钙基封闭剂（CSBS）的化学成分各不相同，这可能会影响治疗效果。因此，本研究旨在比较几种市售CSBS的微观结构和元素特征。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能量色散X射线光谱仪（EDX）和X射线粉末衍射分析（XRD）对四种CSBS（AH Plus生物陶瓷封闭剂、BioRoot RCS、BioRoot Flow、TotalFill BC封闭剂）和一种对照树脂基封闭剂（AH Plus）进行评估。在固化后（SEM、EDX、XRD）以及在汉克平衡盐溶液中孵育7天（SEM）和28天（SEM、EDX）后对标本进行分析。AH Plus呈现出均匀的基质和少量的钙（Ca），孵育后显著减少。相比之下，CSBS在表面呈现出晶体形式且钙含量增加，孵育28天后显著增加。所有测试的CSBS的主要晶相为氧化锆，而对照树脂基封闭剂的主要晶相为钨酸钙。总之，孵育后CSBS表面的钙含量增加，使pH值碱化，促进矿化、磷灰石形成和抗菌潜力。尽管如此，未证实形成羟基磷灰石层，这可能是由于CSBS的高溶解潜力所致。
