Wang Han, Chen Qinghe, Feng Wanzhen
School of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China.
College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Apr 17;13(8):1129. doi: 10.3390/plants13081129.
Plant diseases caused by pathogens result in a marked decrease in crop yield and quality annually, greatly threatening food production and security worldwide. The creation and cultivation of disease-resistant cultivars is one of the most effective strategies to control plant diseases. Broad-spectrum resistance (BSR) is highly preferred by breeders because it confers plant resistance to diverse pathogen species or to multiple races or strains of one species. Recently, accumulating evidence has revealed the roles of 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent oxygenases (2OGDs) as essential regulators of plant disease resistance. Indeed, 2OGDs catalyze a large number of oxidative reactions, participating in the plant-specialized metabolism or biosynthesis of the major phytohormones and various secondary metabolites. Moreover, several genes are characterized as negative regulators of plant defense responses, and the disruption of these genes via genome editing tools leads to enhanced BSR against pathogens in crops. Here, the recent advances in the isolation and identification of defense-related genes in plants and their exploitation in crop improvement are comprehensively reviewed. Also, the strategies for the utilization of genes as targets for engineering BSR crops are discussed.
由病原体引起的植物病害每年都会导致作物产量和品质显著下降，对全球粮食生产和安全构成巨大威胁。培育抗病品种是控制植物病害最有效的策略之一。广谱抗性（BSR）是育种者高度青睐的，因为它能使植物对多种病原体物种或同一物种的多个小种或菌株产生抗性。最近，越来越多的证据表明，依赖2-酮戊二酸（2OG）的加氧酶（2OGD）作为植物抗病性的关键调节因子发挥着作用。事实上，2OGD催化大量氧化反应，参与植物的特殊代谢或主要植物激素及各种次生代谢物的生物合成。此外，一些基因被鉴定为植物防御反应的负调节因子，通过基因组编辑工具破坏这些基因会增强作物对病原体的广谱抗性。本文全面综述了植物中防御相关基因的分离鉴定及其在作物改良中的应用的最新进展。同时，还讨论了将这些基因作为工程化广谱抗性作物靶点的利用策略。
