Silvestri Monica, Grazioli Elisa, Duranti Guglielmo, Sgrò Paolo, Dimauro Ivan
Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, 00135 Rome, Italy.
Unit of Physical Exercise and Sport Sciences, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, 00135 Rome, Italy.
Biology (Basel). 2024 Sep 6;13(9):701. doi: 10.3390/biology13090701.
Cancer remains a major challenge in medicine, prompting exploration of innovative therapies. Recent studies suggest that exercise-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) may offer potential anti-cancer benefits. These small, membrane-bound particles, including exosomes, carry bioactive molecules such as proteins and RNA that mediate intercellular communication. Exercise has been shown to increase EV secretion, influencing physiological processes like tissue repair, inflammation, and metabolism. Notably, preclinical studies have demonstrated that exercise-derived EVs can inhibit tumor growth, reduce metastasis, and enhance treatment response. For instance, in a study using animal models, exercise-derived EVs were shown to suppress tumor proliferation in breast and colon cancers. Another study reported that these EVs reduced metastatic potential by decreasing the migration and invasion of cancer cells. Additionally, exercise-induced EVs have been found to enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy by sensitizing tumor cells to treatment. This review highlights the emerging role of exercise-derived circulating biomolecules, particularly EVs, in cancer biology. It discusses the mechanisms through which EVs impact cancer progression, the challenges in translating preclinical findings to clinical practice, and future research directions. Although research in this area is still limited, current findings suggest that EVs could play a crucial role in spreading molecules that promote better health in cancer patients. Understanding these EV profiles could lead to future therapies, such as exercise mimetics or targeted drugs, to treat cancer.
癌症仍然是医学上的一项重大挑战，这促使人们探索创新疗法。最近的研究表明，运动产生的细胞外囊泡（EVs）可能具有潜在的抗癌益处。这些微小的、有膜包裹的颗粒，包括外泌体，携带蛋白质和RNA等生物活性分子，介导细胞间通讯。研究表明，运动可增加EVs的分泌，影响组织修复、炎症和代谢等生理过程。值得注意的是，临床前研究已证明，运动产生的EVs可抑制肿瘤生长（减少转移，并增强治疗反应。例如，在一项使用动物模型的研究中，运动产生的EVs被证明可抑制乳腺癌和结肠癌的肿瘤增殖。另一项研究报告称，这些EVs通过减少癌细胞的迁移和侵袭降低了转移潜力。此外，还发现运动诱导的EVs可使肿瘤细胞对治疗敏感，从而提高化疗效果。本综述强调了运动产生的循环生物分子，特别是EVs，在癌症生物学中的新作用。它讨论了EVs影响癌症进展的机制、将临床前研究结果转化为临床实践面临的挑战以及未来的研究方向。尽管该领域的研究仍然有限，但目前的研究结果表明，EVs在传播促进癌症患者健康状况改善的分子方面可能发挥关键作用。了解这些EVs的特征可能会带来未来的疗法，如运动模拟物或靶向药物，用于治疗癌症。
