Kim Tae Hyun
Drug Information Research Institute, Muscle Physiome Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
J Ginseng Res. 2024 May;48(3):276-285. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.03.002. Epub 2024 Mar 22.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a systemic disorder of energy metabolism characterized by a sustained elevation of blood glucose in conjunction with impaired insulin action in multiple peripheral tissues (i.e., insulin resistance). Although extensive research has been conducted to identify therapeutic targets for the treatment of DM, its global prevalence and associated mortailty rates are still increasing, possibly because of challenges related to long-term adherence, limited efficacy, and undesirable side effects of currently available medications, implying an urgent need to develop effective and safe pharmacotherapies for DM. Phytochemicals have recently drawn attention as novel pharmacotherapies for DM based on their clinical relevance, therapeutic efficacy, and safety. Ginsenosides, pharmacologically active ingredients primarily found in ginseng, have long been used as adjuvants to traditional medications in Asian countries and have been reported to exert promising therapeutic efficacy in various metabolic diseases, including hyperglycemia and diabetes. This review summarizes the current pharmacological effects of ginsenosides and their mechanistic insights for the treatment of insulin resistance and DM, providing comprehensive perspectives for the development of novel strategies to treat DM and related metabolic complications.
糖尿病（DM）是一种能量代谢的全身性疾病，其特征是血糖持续升高，同时多个外周组织中的胰岛素作用受损（即胰岛素抵抗）。尽管已经进行了广泛的研究以确定治疗DM的靶点，但其全球患病率和相关死亡率仍在上升，这可能是由于与长期依从性、疗效有限以及现有药物不良副作用相关的挑战，这意味着迫切需要开发有效且安全的DM药物疗法。植物化学物质最近因其临床相关性、治疗效果和安全性而作为DM的新型药物疗法受到关注。人参皂苷是主要存在于人参中的药理活性成分，长期以来在亚洲国家被用作传统药物的佐剂，并且据报道在包括高血糖和糖尿病在内的各种代谢疾病中发挥出有前景的治疗效果。本综述总结了人参皂苷目前的药理作用及其治疗胰岛素抵抗和DM的作用机制见解，为开发治疗DM和相关代谢并发症的新策略提供了全面的视角。
