Langlois P H, Smolensky M H, Hsi B P, Weir F W
University of Texas, School of Public Health, Houston 77225.
Chronobiol Int. 1985;2(2):131-40. doi: 10.3109/07420528509055552.
Reported single car and truck accidents due specifically to driver 'fatigue' for the 4-year span of 1980-1983 were analyzed for 24-hr, 7-d and 1-yr patterns. Three types of data were examined: (1) accidents in rural Texas, (2) accidents only in San Antonio, the fourth largest city in Texas and (3) accident ratio (number of accidents per time interval divided by traffic volume for the interval) in this city. A statistically significant seasonal variation of relatively low amplitude with peaks in May and July was detected only for accidents in rural areas. High-amplitude periodicities of 7 d were evident in all the data sets, with a peak on the weekend. A very prominent 24-hr pattern was detected as well, with the acrophase determined by single cosinor around 0300. A slight secondary peak in accidents, around 1500, was evident in the data from the rural areas. This secondary peak represented a 12-hr rhythm in addition to the 24-hr. Overall, features of the temporal patterns in accidents over 24 hr and over the year in urban and rural areas differed only slightly. Accident ratios yielded results similar to accident frequencies. However, with regard to the rural data, the shape of the 24-hr temporal pattern varied with driver age; older drivers exhibited a flatter curve with a more pronounced afternoon rather than early morning (around 0300) peak.
对1980 - 1983年这4年期间专门因驾驶员“疲劳”导致的单车和卡车事故进行了分析，研究其24小时、7天和1年的模式。检查了三种类型的数据：(1) 得克萨斯州农村地区的事故；(2) 仅发生在得克萨斯州第四大城市圣安东尼奥的事故；(3) 该城市的事故率（每个时间间隔的事故数量除以该间隔的交通流量）。仅在农村地区的事故中检测到具有统计学意义的季节性变化，幅度相对较小，高峰出现在5月和7月。在所有数据集中都明显存在7天的高幅度周期性，周末出现高峰。还检测到一个非常明显的24小时模式，通过单余弦分析法确定其相位峰在0300左右。在农村地区的数据中，事故在1500左右有一个轻微的次高峰。除了24小时节律外，这个次高峰代表了一个12小时的节律。总体而言，城市和农村地区事故在24小时及全年的时间模式特征差异不大。事故率得出的结果与事故频率相似。然而，就农村数据而言，24小时时间模式的形状随驾驶员年龄而变化；年长驾驶员的曲线更平缓，下午的高峰比凌晨（0300左右）的高峰更明显。
