Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Marseille, 13005, France.
Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, 13005, France.
PLoS One. 2024 May 10;19(5):e0303027. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303027. eCollection 2024.
Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes is spreading worldwide and represents a growing threat to vector control. Insecticide resistance is caused by different mechanisms including higher metabolic detoxication, target-site modification, reduced penetration and behavioral changes that are not easily detectable with simple diagnostic methods. Indeed, most molecular resistance diagnostic tools are costly and labor intensive and then difficult to use for routine monitoring of insecticide resistance. The present study aims to determine whether mosquito susceptibility status against the pyrethroid insecticides (mostly used for mosquito control) could be established by the protein signatures of legs and/or thoraxes submitted to MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry (MS). The quality of MS spectra for both body parts was controlled to avoid any bias due to unconformity protein profiling. The comparison of MS profiles from three inbreeds Ae. aegypti lines from French Guiana (IRF, IR03, IR13), with distinct deltamethrin resistance genotype / phenotype and the susceptible reference laboratory line BORA (French Polynesia), showed different protein signatures. On both body parts, the analysis of whole protein profiles revealed a singularity of BORA line compared to the three inbreeding lines from French Guiana origin, suggesting that the first criteria of differentiation is the geographical origin and/or the breeding history rather than the insecticide susceptibility profile. However, a deeper analysis of the protein profiles allowed to identify 10 and 11 discriminating peaks from leg and thorax spectra, respectively. Among them, a specific peak around 4870 Da was detected in legs and thoraxes of pyrethroid resistant lines compared to the susceptible counterparts hence suggesting that MS profiling may be promising to rapidly distinguish resistant and susceptible phenotypes. Further work is needed to confirm the nature of this peak as a deltamethrin resistant marker and to validate the routine use of MS profiling to track insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti field populations.
蚊虫对杀虫剂的抗药性在全球范围内蔓延，对病媒控制构成日益严重的威胁。抗药性是由不同的机制引起的，包括更高的代谢解毒、靶标修饰、穿透减少和行为改变，这些机制用简单的诊断方法不易察觉。事实上，大多数分子抗性诊断工具成本高、劳动强度大，因此难以用于常规监测杀虫剂抗性。本研究旨在确定通过提交给 MALDI-TOF 质谱 (MS) 的腿和/或胸部的蛋白质特征是否可以确定蚊虫对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂（主要用于蚊虫控制）的敏感性状态。控制两个部位的 MS 光谱质量，以避免由于蛋白质谱不成形而产生任何偏差。对来自法属圭亚那的三个近交系 Ae. aegypti 品系（IRF、IR03、IR13）的 MS 图谱进行比较，这些品系具有不同的溴氰菊酯抗性基因型/表型和敏感的参考实验室系 BORA（法属波利尼西亚），显示出不同的蛋白质特征。在两个部位，对全蛋白质谱的分析显示 BORA 系与来自法属圭亚那的三个近交系的区别在于，第一个区别标准是地理起源和/或繁殖历史，而不是对杀虫剂的敏感性。然而，对蛋白质谱的更深入分析允许从腿部和胸部的光谱中分别识别出 10 个和 11 个区分峰。其中，在腿部和胸部中，在抗药性品系中检测到大约 4870 Da 的特定峰，而在敏感对照品系中则没有，这表明 MS 谱分析可能有希望快速区分抗药性和敏感性表型。需要进一步的工作来确认该峰作为溴氰菊酯抗性标记的性质，并验证 MS 谱分析在跟踪野外埃及伊蚊种群的杀虫剂抗性方面的常规使用。
